Abstract：
Sialic acids (SA) determine the degree of molecular hydrophilia, relieve binding together and their transportation, they increase mucin viscosity, stabilize the protein and membrane structure. Apart from that, SA are structural components of gangliosides participating in the formation of the outer layer of the plasma membrane. The degree of silyliation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is an important factor of molecular recognition in the cell, between the cells, between a cell and territorial matrix, as well as between a cell and some outer pathogenic factors. They can either mask the sites of recognition or be determinants of recognition. The most well-studied enzymes taking part in the SA metabolism and sialo-containing compounds are N-acetylneuraminate, cythydiltransferase, sialyltransferase, sialydase, aldolase SA and sialyl-O-acetylesterase. Numerous investigations have shown that aberrant sialylation is a specific feature of various changes and disorders of metabolism. Besides that, sialic acids are the first point of contact for different pathogenic microorganisms and the host\'s body due to their presence on the external surface of the cells and tissue of the mucous membrane. That is why the study of the above-mentioned various sialic acids fractions as well as of the activity of the enzymes participating in their metabolism in the blood plasma and tissues, and of the influence on the activity of these enzymes with the help of medicine can make an essential contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.
摘要：
唾液酸（SA）确定分子亲水性的程度，解除捆绑在一起和它们的运输，它们增加粘蛋白的粘度，稳定蛋白质和膜结构。除此之外,SA是参与质膜外层形成的神经节苷脂的结构成分。糖蛋白和糖脂的硅烷化程度是细胞内分子识别的重要因素,在细胞之间，在细胞和领土矩阵之间，以及细胞和一些外部致病因素之间。它们可以掩盖识别位点或者是识别的决定因素。参与SA代谢和含唾液酸化合物的研究最充分的酶是N-乙酰神经氨酸，胞嘧啶二转移酶，唾液酸转移酶，唾液酸酶,醛缩酶SA和唾液酸-O-乙酰酯酶。许多研究表明，异常唾液酸化是各种代谢变化和紊乱的特定特征。除此之外,唾液酸是接触不同病原微生物和宿主身体的第一点，因为它们存在于粘膜的细胞和组织的外表面上。这就是为什么研究上述各种唾液酸级分以及参与其在血浆和组织中代谢的酶的活性，以及在药物的帮助下对这些酶的活性的影响可以为许多疾病的诊断和治疗做出重要贡献。
