Abstract：
It has been commonly accepted for a long time that the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains into arachnoid granulations from the subarachnoid space to the dural venous sinus unidirectionally. However, recently, periventricular capillaries and lymphatic concepts have been introduced. The CSF moves along the perivascular space and drains into the capillary vessels or meningeal lymphatic tissues. CSF is involved in removing brain waste out of the brain. In this study, we investigated the outflow mechanism of substances in the CSF from the brain.
We investigated the movement of CSF by injection of gold colloid conjugates (2, 40, and 200 nm) into the lateral ventricles of mouse fetuses and evaluated the deposition by silver stain with tissue transparency and electron microcopy. Cadaverine was also injected into the lateral ventricle to determine its movement tract.
The gold particle deposition was mainly observed in the frontal skull base. Electron microscopic study showed that the gold particle deposition was observed on the choroid plexus and ependyma in the lateral ventricle and also red blood cells in the heart and liver. Two-nanometer particles were exclusively observed in the liver. Cadaverine injection study demonstrated that cadaverine was observed at the extracranial frontal skull base, choroid plexus, ependymal surface, and perivascular area in the brain white matter.
The particles in the CSF were shown to move from the brain to the frontal skull base and also into the blood stream through the choroid plexus in the fetus. The outflow of particles in the CSF may be regulated by molecular size. This new information will contribute to the prevention of brain degeneration due to brain waste deposition.
We investigated the movement of CSF by injection of gold colloid conjugates (2, 40, and 200 nm) into the lateral ventricles of mouse fetuses and evaluated the deposition by silver stain with tissue transparency and electron microcopy. Cadaverine was also injected into the lateral ventricle to determine its movement tract.
The gold particle deposition was mainly observed in the frontal skull base. Electron microscopic study showed that the gold particle deposition was observed on the choroid plexus and ependyma in the lateral ventricle and also red blood cells in the heart and liver. Two-nanometer particles were exclusively observed in the liver. Cadaverine injection study demonstrated that cadaverine was observed at the extracranial frontal skull base, choroid plexus, ependymal surface, and perivascular area in the brain white matter.
The particles in the CSF were shown to move from the brain to the frontal skull base and also into the blood stream through the choroid plexus in the fetus. The outflow of particles in the CSF may be regulated by molecular size. This new information will contribute to the prevention of brain degeneration due to brain waste deposition.
摘要：
长期以来，人们普遍接受的是，脑脊液（CSF）从蛛网膜下腔单向排入蛛网膜颗粒到硬脑膜静脉窦。然而,最近,已经引入了脑室周围毛细血管和淋巴的概念。CSF沿血管周围空间移动并排入毛细血管或脑膜淋巴组织。CSF参与将大脑废物从大脑中清除。在这项研究中,我们研究了脑脊液中物质从脑中流出的机制。
我们通过将金胶体缀合物（2、40和200nm）注射到小鼠胎儿的侧脑室中研究了CSF的运动，并通过具有组织透明度的银染和电子显微镜检查来评估沉积。还将尸胺注射到侧脑室以确定其运动道。
主要在额颅底观察到金颗粒沉积。电子显微镜研究表明，在侧脑室的脉络丛和室管膜以及心脏和肝脏的红细胞上观察到金颗粒沉积。仅在肝脏中观察到两纳米颗粒。尸胺注射研究表明，在颅外额叶颅底观察到尸胺，脉络丛,室管膜表面，和大脑白质的血管周围区域。
显示CSF中的颗粒从大脑移动到额颅底，并通过胎儿的脉络丛进入血流。CSF中颗粒的流出可以通过分子大小来调节。这些新信息将有助于预防由于脑废物沉积而导致的脑变性。
我们通过将金胶体缀合物（2、40和200nm）注射到小鼠胎儿的侧脑室中研究了CSF的运动，并通过具有组织透明度的银染和电子显微镜检查来评估沉积。还将尸胺注射到侧脑室以确定其运动道。
主要在额颅底观察到金颗粒沉积。电子显微镜研究表明，在侧脑室的脉络丛和室管膜以及心脏和肝脏的红细胞上观察到金颗粒沉积。仅在肝脏中观察到两纳米颗粒。尸胺注射研究表明，在颅外额叶颅底观察到尸胺，脉络丛,室管膜表面，和大脑白质的血管周围区域。
显示CSF中的颗粒从大脑移动到额颅底，并通过胎儿的脉络丛进入血流。CSF中颗粒的流出可以通过分子大小来调节。这些新信息将有助于预防由于脑废物沉积而导致的脑变性。
