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Abstract：
Polylactic acid (PLA) has been highlighted as an important polymer due to its high potential for applicability in various areas, such as in the chemical, medical, pharmaceutical or biotechnology field. Very recently, studies have reported its use as a basic component for the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) required for the prevention of Sars-Cov-2 contamination, responsible for the cause of coronavirus disease, which is currently a major worldwide sanitary and social problem. PLA is considered a non-toxic, biodegradable and compostable plastic with interesting characteristics from the industrial point of view, and it emerges as a promising product under the concept of \"green plastic\", since most of the polymers produced currently are petroleum-based, a non-renewable raw material. Biotechnology routes have been mentioned as potential methodologies for the production of this polymer, especially by enzymatic routes, in particular by use of lipases enzymes. The availability of pure lactic acid isomers is a fundamental aspect of the manufacture of PLA with more interesting mechanical and thermal properties. Due to the technological importance that PLA-based polymers are acquiring, as well as their characteristics and applicability in several fields, especially medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, this review article sought to gather very recent information regarding the development of research in this area. The main highlight of this study is that it was carried out from a biotechnological point of view, aiming at a totally green bioplastic production, since the obtaining of lactic acid, which will be used as raw material for the PLA synthesis, until the degradation of the polymer obtained by biological routes.
摘要：
聚乳酸（PLA）由于其在各个领域的高应用潜力而被强调为重要的聚合物，比如在化学中，medical,制药或生物技术领域。最近,研究报告说，其用作生产预防Sars-Cov-2污染所需的个人防护设备（PPE）的基本组成部分，负责冠状病毒疾病的原因，这是目前世界范围内的重大卫生和社会问题。PLA被认为是无毒的，从工业角度来看，具有有趣特性的可生物降解和可堆肥塑料，在“绿色塑料”的概念下，它成为一种有前途的产品，由于目前生产的大多数聚合物都是石油基的，一种不可再生的原材料。生物技术路线已被提及作为生产这种聚合物的潜在方法，特别是通过酶途径，特别是通过使用脂肪酶。纯乳酸异构体的可用性是制造具有更有趣的机械和热性能的PLA的基本方面。由于PLA基聚合物获得的技术重要性，以及它们在几个领域的特点和适用性，尤其是医学,制药和生物技术，这篇综述文章试图收集有关该领域研究发展的最新信息。这项研究的主要亮点是它是从生物技术的角度进行的，旨在实现完全绿色的生物塑料生产，由于获得了乳酸，它将用作PLA合成的原料，直到通过生物途径获得的聚合物降解。
