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Abstract：
All orthodox seeds eventually deteriorate during storage, a well-known problem in seed banking. Here we used a greenhouse study to test if priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water can improve the emergence and subsequent seedling growth of three South African tree species, Bolusanthus speciosus, Combretum erythrophyllum and Erythrina caffra. Other priming solutions investigated were calcium magnesium (CaMg) solution and deionized water. In the present study, seeds were subjected to an artificial deterioration by increasing their water content to 14% and keeping them at 40 °C and 100% RH until they had lost 50% of their germination under laboratory conditions. Fresh and deteriorated seeds were primed with cathodic water, CaMg solution and deionized water, with non-primed fresh and deteriorated seeds as controls. Controlled deterioration significantly reduced total emergence and the biomass and photosynthetic parameters of the resulting seedlings. In one species (Bolusanthus speciosus), priming the deteriorated seeds with cathodic water significantly improved emergence parameters. However, in all species cathodic water significantly improved the total biomasses and other growth parameters of the seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds. Priming with CaMg solution and deionized water had little effect on emergence and while improving the growth of seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds, they were less effective than cathodic water. In fresh seeds, priming with all solutions resulted in small improvements in some parameters. Controlled deterioration of fresh seeds reduced the membrane stability index (MSI) in two of the three species and in all species increased the levels of the lipid oxidation products MDA and 4-HNE. Priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water increased the MSI and reduced the MDA contents in all species and the 4-HNE content in one species. Other priming solutions were generally less effective in ameliorating oxidative stress. Results suggest that the strong antioxidative properties of cathodic water can explain its ability to ameliorate deterioration. In conclusion, the present study shows that priming with cathodic water is an effective way of invigorating deteriorated orthodox seeds and that it may have considerable potential in orthodox seed conservation.
摘要：
所有正统的种子最终在储存过程中变质，种子库的一个众所周知的问题。在这里，我们使用温室研究来测试用阴极水引发变质种子是否可以改善三种南非树种的出苗和随后的幼苗生长，Bolusanthusspeciosus,连体红叶和红藻。研究的其它引发溶液是钙镁(CaMg)溶液和去离子水。在本研究中,通过将种子的含水量增加到14％，并将其保持在40°C和100％RH下，直到在实验室条件下失去50％的发芽，使种子经历人工变质。新鲜和变质的种子用阴极水打底，CaMg溶液和去离子水，以未引发的新鲜和变质种子作为对照。受控恶化显着降低了总出苗以及所得幼苗的生物量和光合参数。在一个物种（Bolusanthusspeciosus）中，用阴极水引发变质的种子可显着改善出苗参数。然而,在所有物种中，阴极水均显着改善了由变质种子衍生的幼苗的总生物量和其他生长参数。用CaMg溶液和去离子水引发对出苗的影响很小，同时改善了由变质种子衍生的幼苗的生长，它们的效果不如阴极水。在新鲜的种子中，用所有解决方案启动导致一些参数的小改进。新鲜种子的受控变质降低了这三个物种中的两个物种的膜稳定性指数（MSI），并且在所有物种中都增加了脂质氧化产物MDA和4-HNE的水平。用阴极水引发变质的种子会增加所有物种的MSI并降低MDA含量和一个物种的4-HNE含量。其他引发溶液通常在改善氧化应激方面效果较差。结果表明，阴极水的强抗氧化性能可以解释其改善劣化的能力。总之,本研究表明，用阴极水引发是一种有效的方法，以振兴变质的正统种子，它可能有相当大的潜力，在正统种子保护。
