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Abstract：
In arid regions such as Saudi Arabia, wastewater treatment (WWT) facilities (meeting promulgated standards) need to adapt their continuous performance improvement (CPI) for long-term sustainability. To achieve this, the facilities need to improve their performance to comply with more strict objectives for broader reuse applications of treated effluent. The present research proposes a CPI framework based on performance benchmarking process for the stepwise improvement of WWT facilities. A grey rational analysis water quality index (GWQI) based on exceedance probability was developed. For weights\' estimation of 11 physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters, the entropy method effectively accommodated the changes in relative importance of the parameters with including additional future reuse applications. For existing effluent reuse scenarios of restricted and unrestricted irrigation, the GWQI values were found consistent with the modified version of the Canadian WQI (GWQI). The indices\' values (ranged between 0 and 100) greater than 80 showed the efficient operation of four WWT plants in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Two hypothetical CPI scenarios with future reuse applications (fish, livestock drinking, and recreation) showed an overall decline in the average (of four plants) values of the GWQI (97 to 78) and GWQI (85 to 60). GWQI predicted stricter results for the facilities with parameters\' concentrations exceeding the targets with larger margins and was found applicable for the CPI of WWT facilities in arid regions. For existing scenarios, the assessment results suggest the facilities to control and monitor the chlorination practice. For future targets, tertiary treatment needs to be enhanced for desired nutrients and total dissolved solids removal. The proposed CPI framework provides a platform to initiate the performance benchmarking process for WWT facilities at local or regional levels in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.
摘要：
在沙特阿拉伯等干旱地区，废水处理（WWT）设施（符合颁布的标准）需要适应其持续性能改进（CPI）以实现长期可持续性。为了实现这一点，这些设施需要改善其性能，以符合更严格的目标，以更广泛地再利用经处理的废水。本研究提出了一个基于性能基准过程的CPI框架，用于逐步改善WWT设施。建立了基于超越概率的灰色理性水质分析指标(GWQI)。对于11个物理重量的估计，化学,和生物水质参数，熵值法有效地适应了参数相对重要性的变化，包括其他未来的重用应用程序。对于限制和不限制灌溉的现有废水再利用方案，GWQI值与加拿大WQI(GWQI)的修改版本一致.大于80的指数值（介于0和100之间）表明沙特阿拉伯Qassim地区的四个污水处理厂有效运行。具有未来重用应用程序的两个假设的CPI场景(fish，牲畜饮酒,和娱乐）显示GWQI（97至78）和GWQI（85至60）的平均值（四个植物）总体下降。GWQI对参数浓度超过目标的设施预测了更严格的结果，并发现其适用于干旱地区的WWT设施的CPI。对于现有方案，评估结果建议控制和监测氯化实践的设施。对于未来的目标，三级处理需要加强所需的营养物质和总溶解固体去除。拟议的消费物价指数框架为沙特阿拉伯和其他地方的地方或区域一级的WWT设施提供了一个启动绩效基准程序的平台。
