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Abstract：
Tics are characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic movement or vocalization, and are the most common movement disorders in children. Their onset is usually in childhood and tics often will diminish within one year. However, some of the tics can persist and cause various problems such as social embarrassment, physical discomfort, or emotional impairments, which could interfere with daily activities and school performance. Furthermore, tic disorders are frequently associated with comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms, which can become more problematic than tic symptoms. Unfortunately, misunderstanding and misconceptions of tic disorders still exist among the general population. Understanding tic disorders and their comorbidities is important to deliver appropriate care to patients with tics. Several studies have been conducted to elucidate the clinical course, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of tics, but they are still not well understood. This article aims to provide an overview about tics and tic disorders, and recent findings on tic disorders including history, definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic approach, comorbidities, treatment and management, and differential diagnosis.
摘要：
抽搐的特点是突然，快速,经常性,无节奏的运动或发声，是儿童最常见的运动障碍。它们的发作通常在儿童时期，抽动通常会在一年内减少。然而,一些抽搐会持续存在并引起各种问题，例如社会尴尬，身体不适,或者情绪障碍，这可能会干扰日常活动和学校表现。此外，抽动障碍通常与共病神经精神症状有关，比抽动症状更有问题。不幸的是,对抽动障碍的误解和误解仍然存在于普通人群中。了解抽动障碍及其合并症对于为抽动患者提供适当的护理很重要。已经进行了一些研究来阐明临床过程，流行病学,和病理学，但是他们仍然没有得到很好的理解。本文旨在提供有关抽动和抽动障碍的概述，以及最近关于抽动障碍的发现，包括病史，定义,诊断,流行病学,病因学,诊断方法，合并症,治疗和管理，和鉴别诊断。
