PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
In the city of Maputo, Mozambique, food and water are often sold on the streets. Street water is packaged, distributed, and sold not paying attention to good hygienic practices, and its consumption is often associated with the occurrence of diarrheal diseases. Coincidentally, the increase of diarrheal diseases promotes the inappropriate use of antibiotics that might cause the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of water sold on the streets of Maputo, as well as the antibiotic resistance profile of selected Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The 118 water samples analyzed were from street home-bottled water (n = 81), municipal water distribution systems (tap water) (n = 25), and selected supply wells in several neighborhoods (n = 12). The samples were analyzed for total mesophilic microorganisms, fecal enterococci, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio spp. The results showed a high level of fecal contamination in all types of water samples. In home-bottled water, fecal coliforms were found in 88% of the samples, and E. coli in 66% of the samples. In tap water, fecal coliforms were found in 64%, and E. coli in 28% of the samples. In water from supply wells, fecal coliforms and E. coli were found in 83% of the samples. From 33 presumptive Vibrio spp. colonies, only three were identified as V. fluvialis. The remaining isolates belonged to Aeromonas spp. (n = 14) and Klebsiella spp. (n = 16). Of 44 selected Enterobacteriaceae isolates from water samples (28 isolates of E. coli and 16 isolates of Klebsiella spp.), 45.5% were not susceptible to the beta-lactams ampicillin and imipenem, 43.2% to amoxicillin, and 31.8% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Regarding non-beta-lactam antibiotics, there was a high percentage of isolates with tolerance to tetracycline (52.3%) and azithromycin (31.8%). In conclusion, water in Maputo represents a risk for human health due to its high fecal contamination. This situation is made more serious by the fact that a relatively high percentage of isolates with multidrug resistance (40%) were found among Enterobacteriaceae. The dissemination of these results can raise awareness of the urgent need to reduce water contamination in Maputo and other cities in Mozambique.
摘要：
在马普托市,莫桑比克,食物和水经常在街上出售。街道水是包装的，分布式,不注意良好的卫生习惯，它的消费通常与腹泻疾病的发生有关。巧合的是,腹泻疾病的增加促进了抗生素的不当使用，这可能导致抗生素耐药菌株的出现。在这种情况下，本研究旨在评估马普托街头出售的水的微生物质量，以及选定肠杆菌科分离株的抗生素耐药性。分析的118个水样来自街头家庭瓶装水(n=81)，市政配水系统（自来水）（n=25），并在几个社区选择了供水井(n=12)。分析样品中的嗜温性微生物总量，粪便肠球菌,粪便大肠杆菌,大肠杆菌,和弧菌属。结果表明，所有类型的水样中的粪便污染都很高。在家用瓶装水中，在88%的样本中发现了粪便大肠杆菌，和大肠杆菌在66%的样本中。在自来水中，在64％的人中发现了粪便大肠杆菌，和大肠杆菌在28%的样品中。在供水井的水中，在83%的样本中发现了粪便大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌。来自33个假定的弧菌属。殖民地,只有三个被确定为河弧菌。其余分离株属于气单胞菌属。（n=14）和克雷伯菌属。（n=16）。从水样中选择的44种肠杆菌科分离株（28种大肠杆菌分离株和16种克雷伯菌分离株。),45.5%的患者对β-内酰胺类氨苄青霉素和亚胺培南不敏感,43.2％至阿莫西林，和31.8%的阿莫西林/克拉维酸。关于非β-内酰胺抗生素，对四环素(52.3%)和阿奇霉素(31.8%)耐受的分离株比例较高.总之,马普托的水由于粪便污染严重，对人类健康构成风险。由于在肠杆菌科中发现了相对较高百分比的具有多药耐药性的分离株（40％），因此这种情况变得更加严重。这些结果的传播可以提高人们对迫切需要减少马普托和莫桑比克其他城市水污染的认识。
