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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Human papilloma virus (HPV) has a well-established carcinogenic role in certain head and neck cancers. These HPV associated cancers possess unique clinicopathological behavior and exhibits better prognosis than their negative counterparts. Detection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been considered as the \"gold standard\" but imposes burden in low resource settings. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed the validity of cytomorphological features for the detection of HPV in oral leukoplakia (OL), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).
METHODS: This study included 63 subjects comprising of 25 OL, 26 OSCC, and 12 OPSCC cases. Exfoliated cells were collected and processed for PCR followed by Papanicolaou staining and subsequent grading. Additionally the non-classical signs were evaluated and statistical analysis included Chi-square and Spearman\'s test.
RESULTS: 23/63 (36.5%) cases showed PCR positivity for HPV16. Most of the cytomorphological features showed significant correlation for the presence of HPV. A greater sensitivity and specificity was observed in the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology (TBS) than the Papanicolaou grading system.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the non-classic cytological features could be employed in the detection of HPV in low resource settings with improved sensitivity. Liquid based cytology graded using TBS could be suitable for oral cytology in the detection of early atypical changes.
METHODS: This study included 63 subjects comprising of 25 OL, 26 OSCC, and 12 OPSCC cases. Exfoliated cells were collected and processed for PCR followed by Papanicolaou staining and subsequent grading. Additionally the non-classical signs were evaluated and statistical analysis included Chi-square and Spearman\'s test.
RESULTS: 23/63 (36.5%) cases showed PCR positivity for HPV16. Most of the cytomorphological features showed significant correlation for the presence of HPV. A greater sensitivity and specificity was observed in the Bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology (TBS) than the Papanicolaou grading system.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the non-classic cytological features could be employed in the detection of HPV in low resource settings with improved sensitivity. Liquid based cytology graded using TBS could be suitable for oral cytology in the detection of early atypical changes.
摘要：
背景：人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）在某些头颈部癌中具有公认的致癌作用。这些HPV相关的癌症具有独特的临床病理行为,并且表现出比它们的阴性对应物更好的预后。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行检测已被认为是“金标准”，但在资源匮乏的情况下却造成了负担。因此,在本研究中，我们评估了细胞形态学特征对口腔白斑（OL）中HPV检测的有效性，口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC），口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）。
方法：这项研究包括63名受试者，包括25名OL，26OSCC，和12个OPSCC病例。收集脱落的细胞并处理用于PCR,然后进行巴氏染色和随后的分级。此外，还评估了非经典体征，统计分析包括卡方和Spearman检验。
结果：23/63(36.5%)例HPV16PCR阳性。大多数细胞形态学特征显示与HPV的存在显着相关性。与Papanicolaou分级系统相比，Bethesda系统报告宫颈细胞学（TBS）的敏感性和特异性更高。
结论：我们得出结论，非经典细胞学特征可用于低资源环境中的HPV检测，并具有更高的灵敏度。使用TBS进行液基细胞学分级可适用于口腔细胞学中早期非典型改变的检测。
方法：这项研究包括63名受试者，包括25名OL，26OSCC，和12个OPSCC病例。收集脱落的细胞并处理用于PCR,然后进行巴氏染色和随后的分级。此外，还评估了非经典体征，统计分析包括卡方和Spearman检验。
结果：23/63(36.5%)例HPV16PCR阳性。大多数细胞形态学特征显示与HPV的存在显着相关性。与Papanicolaou分级系统相比，Bethesda系统报告宫颈细胞学（TBS）的敏感性和特异性更高。
结论：我们得出结论，非经典细胞学特征可用于低资源环境中的HPV检测，并具有更高的灵敏度。使用TBS进行液基细胞学分级可适用于口腔细胞学中早期非典型改变的检测。
