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Abstract：
As one of the fundamental sleep states, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is believed to be associated with dreaming and is characterized by low-voltage, fast electroencephalographic activity and loss of muscle tone. However, the mechanisms of REM sleep generation have remained unclear despite decades of research. Several models of REM sleep have been established, including a reciprocal interaction model, limit-cycle model, flip-flop model, and a model involving γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and aminergic/orexin/melanin-concentrating hormone neurons. In the present review, we discuss these models and summarize two typical disorders related to REM sleep, namely REM sleep behavior disorder and narcolepsy. REM sleep behavior disorder is a sleep muscle-tone-related disorder and can be treated with clonazepam and melatonin. Narcolepsy, with core symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is strongly connected with orexin in early adulthood.
摘要：
作为基本的睡眠状态之一，快速眼动（REM）睡眠被认为与做梦有关，其特征是低电压，快速脑电图活动和肌肉张力丧失。然而,尽管进行了数十年的研究,但REM睡眠产生的机制仍不清楚.已经建立了几种快速眼动睡眠模型，包括互惠互动模型，极限循环模型，触发器模型，和一个涉及γ-氨基丁酸的模型，谷氨酸,和胺能/食欲素/黑色素浓缩激素神经元。在本次审查中，我们讨论了这些模型，并总结了两种与REM睡眠有关的典型障碍，即REM睡眠行为障碍和嗜睡症。REM睡眠行为障碍是一种睡眠肌张力相关障碍，可以用氯硝西泮和褪黑激素治疗。嗜睡症,核心症状是白天过度嗜睡和猝倒，在成年早期与食欲素密切相关。
