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Abstract：
Crystallins, the major constituent proteins of mammalian lenses, are significant not only for the maintenance of eye lens stability, transparency, and refraction, but also fulfill various physiopathological functions in extraocular tissues. βB2-crystallin, for example, is a multifunctional protein expressed in the human retina, brain, testis, ovary, and multiple tumors. Mutations in the βB2 crystallin gene or denaturation of βB2-crystallin protein are associated with cataracts, ocular pathologies, and psychiatric disorders. A prominent role for βB2-crystallins in axonal growth and regeneration, as well as in dendritic outgrowth, has been demonstrated after optic nerve injury. Studies in βB2-crystallin-null mice revealed morphological and functional abnormalities in testis and ovaries, indicating βB2-crystallin contributes to male and female fertility in mice. Interestingly, although pathogenic significance remains obscure, several studies identified a clear correlation between βB2 crystallin expression and the prognosis of patients with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and glioblastoma in the African American population. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological functions of βB2-crystallin in the eye and other organs and tissues and discusses findings related to the expression and potential role of βB2-crystallin in tumors.
摘要：
晶体蛋白,哺乳动物晶状体的主要组成蛋白，不仅对维持眼睛晶状体的稳定性有重要意义，透明度，和折射，而且还在眼外组织中实现各种病理生理功能。βB2-晶状体蛋白，例如,是一种在人类视网膜中表达的多功能蛋白质，大脑,睾丸,子房,和多发性肿瘤。βB2晶状体蛋白基因突变或βB2晶状体蛋白变性与白内障有关，眼病,和精神疾病。βB2-晶状体蛋白在轴突生长和再生中的重要作用，以及在树突状生长中，在视神经损伤后被证实。βB2-晶状体蛋白缺失小鼠的研究揭示了睾丸和卵巢的形态和功能异常，表明βB2-晶状体蛋白有助于小鼠的雄性和雌性生育能力。有趣的是,尽管致病意义仍然模糊，几项研究确定了βB2结晶蛋白表达与乳腺癌患者预后之间的明显相关性，结直肠癌,前列腺癌,肾细胞癌，非洲裔美国人的胶质母细胞瘤。本文综述了βB2-晶状体蛋白在眼睛和其他器官和组织中的生理和病理功能，并讨论了与βB2-晶状体蛋白在肿瘤中的表达和潜在作用有关的发现。
