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Abstract：
Ultrasound is the main requested technique for the assessment of traumatic, vascular, neoplastic, and inflammatory testicular pathology. Moreover, the role of ultrasound has broadened over the years along with the introduction of new techniques, such as contrast enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound elastography.
An updated representation of the pre-existing Literature evidence for multiparametric ultrasound imaging with particular regard to elastography, in the evaluation of focal and diffuse testicular pathologies, has been presented.
The search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus databases from the earliest available article (1977) until January 2021. Based on the evidence of the Literature, the current role of US imaging for focal and diffuse testicular pathologies has been reported and illustrated, with emphasis on examination technique, classification, and pitfalls.
Multiparametric Ultrasound has a recognized role for testicle focal and diffuse disease. Elastography is nowadays recognized as an essential part of the multiparametric ultrasound examination. However, in the setting of testicular pathology this method showed some promising results in the setting of varicocoele and for focal lesions characterization. In the remaining field its role is still under debate.
B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound have been for a long time the diagnostic gold standard for testicular pathologies. The introduction of both contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography in the last two decades has brought to the emergence of the multiparametric ultrasound concept. These methods are currently able to increase diagnostic confidence especially for testicular lesions characterization, with different relevance depending on the pathology under consideration.
Multiparametric ultrasound testis assessment, with specific regard to elastography is nowadays recommended for focal and diffuse disease evaluation. Further and larger studies are however needed to validate these results and to understand if the role of elastography in testicular pathology may be broadened.
An updated representation of the pre-existing Literature evidence for multiparametric ultrasound imaging with particular regard to elastography, in the evaluation of focal and diffuse testicular pathologies, has been presented.
The search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus databases from the earliest available article (1977) until January 2021. Based on the evidence of the Literature, the current role of US imaging for focal and diffuse testicular pathologies has been reported and illustrated, with emphasis on examination technique, classification, and pitfalls.
Multiparametric Ultrasound has a recognized role for testicle focal and diffuse disease. Elastography is nowadays recognized as an essential part of the multiparametric ultrasound examination. However, in the setting of testicular pathology this method showed some promising results in the setting of varicocoele and for focal lesions characterization. In the remaining field its role is still under debate.
B-mode ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound have been for a long time the diagnostic gold standard for testicular pathologies. The introduction of both contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography in the last two decades has brought to the emergence of the multiparametric ultrasound concept. These methods are currently able to increase diagnostic confidence especially for testicular lesions characterization, with different relevance depending on the pathology under consideration.
Multiparametric ultrasound testis assessment, with specific regard to elastography is nowadays recommended for focal and diffuse disease evaluation. Further and larger studies are however needed to validate these results and to understand if the role of elastography in testicular pathology may be broadened.
摘要：
超声是评估创伤的主要要求技术，血管,肿瘤，和炎性睾丸病理。此外，随着新技术的引入，超声的作用多年来不断扩大，如超声造影和超声弹性成像。
多参数超声成像的现有文献证据的更新表示，特别是关于弹性成像，在评估局灶性和弥漫性睾丸病理中，已提交。
搜索是在PubMed中进行的，科克伦,EMBASE,WebofScience和Scopus数据库从最早的文章（1977年）到2021年1月。根据文献的证据,已经报道并说明了US成像对局灶性和弥漫性睾丸病理的当前作用，强调考试技术，分类，和陷阱。
多参数超声在睾丸局灶性和弥漫性疾病中具有公认的作用。弹性成像现在被认为是多参数超声检查的重要组成部分。然而,在睾丸病理学的设置中，这种方法在精索静脉曲张的设置和局灶性病变的表征中显示出一些有希望的结果。在其余领域，其作用仍在辩论中。
B型超声和彩色多普勒超声长期以来一直是睾丸病理的诊断金标准。在过去的二十年中，超声造影和弹性成像的引入带来了多参数超声概念的出现。这些方法目前能够增加诊断信心，特别是对于睾丸病变的表征。根据所考虑的病理学，具有不同的相关性。
多参数超声睾丸评估，特别是弹性成像目前推荐用于局灶性和弥漫性疾病评估。然而，需要进一步和更大的研究来验证这些结果，并了解弹性成像在睾丸病理学中的作用是否可以扩大。
多参数超声成像的现有文献证据的更新表示，特别是关于弹性成像，在评估局灶性和弥漫性睾丸病理中，已提交。
搜索是在PubMed中进行的，科克伦,EMBASE,WebofScience和Scopus数据库从最早的文章（1977年）到2021年1月。根据文献的证据,已经报道并说明了US成像对局灶性和弥漫性睾丸病理的当前作用，强调考试技术，分类，和陷阱。
多参数超声在睾丸局灶性和弥漫性疾病中具有公认的作用。弹性成像现在被认为是多参数超声检查的重要组成部分。然而,在睾丸病理学的设置中，这种方法在精索静脉曲张的设置和局灶性病变的表征中显示出一些有希望的结果。在其余领域，其作用仍在辩论中。
B型超声和彩色多普勒超声长期以来一直是睾丸病理的诊断金标准。在过去的二十年中，超声造影和弹性成像的引入带来了多参数超声概念的出现。这些方法目前能够增加诊断信心，特别是对于睾丸病变的表征。根据所考虑的病理学，具有不同的相关性。
多参数超声睾丸评估，特别是弹性成像目前推荐用于局灶性和弥漫性疾病评估。然而，需要进一步和更大的研究来验证这些结果，并了解弹性成像在睾丸病理学中的作用是否可以扩大。
