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Abstract：
Synthetic antioxidants represent a complex group of additive chemicals broadly used in consumer products. While traditional antioxidants such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) have been well studied, a variety of \"novel\" antioxidants have emerged with extensive applications but received much less attention. Our study aimed to explore a suite of 34 emerging antioxidants in house dust from four different regions, including Guangzhou (China), Adelaide (Australia), Carbondale (Illinois), and Hanoi (Vietnam). The results revealed broad occurrence of several rarely investigated chemicals in house dust across regions, including triethylene glycol bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate (AO245), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylamino)methylphenol (AO4703), 2,2\'-thiene-2,5-diylbis(5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzoxazole) (BBOT), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol (2,4DtBP), and 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol (2,6DtBP). In particular, DPG exhibited a median concentration of 5030-11 400 ng/g in house dust from the studied regions except for Hanoi (305 ng/g), generally 1 order of magnitude greater than that of BHT (890-1060 ng/g) and dominating the compositional profiles of antioxidants. Estimated intake of target antioxidants by toddlers via dust ingestion, even under the high exposure scenario, was determined to be 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than the reference doses of selected antioxidants. However, potential risks from long-term exposure to a cocktail of antioxidants under environmentally relevant concentrations merit further investigations due to insufficient knowledge on the sources, fate, and toxicokinetics of these chemicals to date.
摘要：
合成抗氧化剂代表广泛用于消费品中的一组复杂的添加剂化学品。虽然传统的抗氧化剂如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚（BHT）已经得到了很好的研究，各种“新型”抗氧化剂已经出现，应用广泛，但受到的关注要少得多。我们的研究旨在探索来自四个不同地区的房屋灰尘中的34种新兴抗氧化剂，包括广州（中国），阿德莱德(澳大利亚),卡本代尔（伊利诺伊州），河内（越南）。结果表明，在各个地区的房屋灰尘中广泛存在几种很少研究的化学物质，包括三甘醇双（3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基）丙酸酯（AO245），2,6-二叔丁基-4-(二甲基氨基)甲基苯酚(AO4703)，2,2'-噻吩-2,5-二基双(5-叔丁基-1,3-苯并恶唑)(BBOT)，1,3-二苯基胍(DPG),2,4-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯酚(2,4DtBP),和2,6-双(1,1-二甲基乙基)苯酚(2,6DtBP)。特别是,除河内外，DPG在研究地区的房屋灰尘中的中值浓度为5030-11400ng/g（305ng/g），通常比BHT（890-1060ng/g）大1个数量级，并且在抗氧化剂的组成谱中占主导地位。幼儿通过粉尘摄入估计目标抗氧化剂的摄入量，即使在高曝光率的情况下，被确定为比所选择的抗氧化剂的参考剂量低2-4个数量级。然而,由于对来源的了解不足，长期暴露于环境相关浓度下的抗氧化剂混合物的潜在风险值得进一步调查，命运,以及迄今为止这些化学物质的毒物动力学。
