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Abstract：
Abdominal ultrasonography and intestinal ultrasonography are widely used as first diagnostic tools for investigating patients with abdominal symptoms, mainly for excluding organic diseases. However, gastrointestinal ultrasound (GIUS), as a real-time diagnostic imaging method, can also provide information on motility, flow, perfusion, peristalsis, and organ filling and emptying, with high temporal and spatial resolution. Thanks to its noninvasiveness and high repeatability, GIUS can investigate functional gastrointestinal processes and functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGID) by studying their behavior over time and their response to therapy and providing insight into their pathophysiologic mechanisms. The European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) has established a Task Force Group consisting of GIUS experts, which developed clinical recommendations and guidelines on the role of GIUS in several acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases. This review is dedicated to the role of GIUS in assisting the diagnosis of FGID and particularly in investigating patients with symptoms of functional disorders, such as dysphagia, reflux disorders, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. The available scientific evidence of GIUS in detecting, assessing, and investigating FGID are reported here, while highlighting sonographic findings and its usefulness in a clinical setting, defining the actual and potential role of GIUS in the management of patients, and providing information regarding future applications and research.
摘要：
腹部超声和肠道超声被广泛用作调查腹部症状患者的首选诊断工具。主要用于排除器质性疾病。然而,胃肠超声（GIUS），作为一种实时诊断成像方法，还可以提供有关运动性的信息，流量,灌注,蠕动,器官填充和排空，具有较高的时间和空间分辨率。由于它的非侵入性和高可重复性，GIUS可以通过研究功能性胃肠过程和功能性胃肠疾病（FGID）随时间的行为及其对治疗的反应并提供对其病理生理机制的见解。欧洲医学和生物学超声协会联合会（EFSUMB）成立了一个由GIUS专家组成的工作组，它提出了关于GIUS在几种急性和慢性胃肠道疾病中的作用的临床建议和指南。这篇综述致力于GIUS在辅助FGID诊断中的作用，特别是在调查有功能障碍症状的患者中。比如吞咽困难,反流障碍,消化不良,腹痛,腹胀,改变了排便习惯.GIUS检测的现有科学证据，评估,这里报道了调查FGID，在强调超声检查结果及其在临床环境中的有用性的同时，定义GIUS在患者管理中的实际和潜在作用，并提供有关未来应用和研究的信息。
