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Abstract：
The design of new composite materials using extreme biomimetics is of crucial importance for bioinspired materials science. Further progress in research and application of these new materials is impossible without understanding the mechanisms of formation, as well as structural features at the molecular and nano-level. It presents a challenge to obtain a holistic understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of organic and inorganic phases under conditions of harsh chemical reactions for biopolymers. Yet, an understanding of these mechanisms can lead to the development of unusual-but functional-hybrid materials. In this work, a key way of designing centimeter-scale macroporous 3D composites, using renewable marine biopolymer spongin and a model industrial solution that simulates the highly toxic copper-containing waste generated in the production of printed circuit boards worldwide, is proposed. A new spongin-atacamite composite material is developed and its structure is confirmed using neutron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy/selected-area electron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The formation mechanism for this material is also proposed. This study provides experimental evidence suggesting multifunctional applicability of the designed composite in the development of 3D constructed sensors, catalysts, and antibacterial filter systems.
摘要：
使用极端仿生物质设计新型复合材料对于生物启发材料科学至关重要。如果不了解这些新材料的形成机理，就不可能在研究和应用方面取得进一步进展。以及分子和纳米水平的结构特征。在生物聚合物的苛刻化学反应条件下，要全面了解有机相和无机相相互作用的机理，这是一个挑战。然而，对这些机制的理解可以导致不寻常但功能性混合材料的发展。在这项工作中,设计厘米级大孔三维复合材料的关键方法，使用可再生的海洋生物聚合物海绵和模拟全球印刷电路板生产中产生的高毒性含铜废物的示范工业解决方案，是提议的。开发了一种新的海绵体-凹凸棒石复合材料，并使用中子衍射确认了其结构，X射线衍射,高分辨率透射电子显微镜/选定区域电子衍射，X射线光电子能谱,近边缘X射线吸收精细结构光谱，和电子顺磁共振波谱.还提出了这种材料的形成机理。这项研究提供了实验证据，表明设计的复合材料在3D构建传感器的开发中的多功能适用性，催化剂,和抗菌过滤系统。
