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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The neural crest is a transient structure present in early embryogenesis. Cephalic neural crest cells migrate into the pharyngeal arches and the frontonasal process that becomes the forehead and midfacial structures. They also contribute to forming the media of the arteries of the circle of Willis and their branches. The cardiac neural crest produces vascular smooth muscle cells in the ascending aorta, cardiac septum and coronary arteries.
METHODS: In this review, we evaluate the role of the neural crest in moyamoya disease and the pathological implications from the concurrence of moyamoya disease and cardiovascular diseases from the point of view of neural crest cell distributions.
RESULTS: Midline craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies with eye anomalies, morning glory disc anomaly in patients with moyamoya disease can both be explained as a subtype of cephalic neurocristopathy. Further, the association between moyamoya disease and cardiac manifestations (congenital cardiac defects and coronary artery disease) have also been reported. Both the cephalic neural crest and cardiac neural crest contribute to these concurrent arterial diseases, as cardio-cephalic neurocristopathy.
CONCLUSIONS: The concept of cephalic/cardio-cephalic neurocristopathy provides a new perspective to understanding the underlying aetiological associations and to developing future therapeutic approaches for concomitant moyamoya disease and cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS: In this review, we evaluate the role of the neural crest in moyamoya disease and the pathological implications from the concurrence of moyamoya disease and cardiovascular diseases from the point of view of neural crest cell distributions.
RESULTS: Midline craniofacial and central nervous system anomalies with eye anomalies, morning glory disc anomaly in patients with moyamoya disease can both be explained as a subtype of cephalic neurocristopathy. Further, the association between moyamoya disease and cardiac manifestations (congenital cardiac defects and coronary artery disease) have also been reported. Both the cephalic neural crest and cardiac neural crest contribute to these concurrent arterial diseases, as cardio-cephalic neurocristopathy.
CONCLUSIONS: The concept of cephalic/cardio-cephalic neurocristopathy provides a new perspective to understanding the underlying aetiological associations and to developing future therapeutic approaches for concomitant moyamoya disease and cardiovascular diseases.
摘要：
背景：神经c是早期胚胎发生中存在的一种瞬时结构。头颅神经c细胞迁移到咽弓和额鼻突中，成为前额和中面部结构。它们还有助于形成威利斯环及其分支的动脉介质。心脏神经峰在升主动脉中产生血管平滑肌细胞，心脏隔膜和冠状动脉。
方法：在这篇综述中，我们从神经c细胞分布的角度评估了神经c在烟雾病中的作用以及烟雾病和心血管疾病并发的病理意义。
结果：中线颅面和中枢神经系统异常伴眼睛异常，烟雾病患者的牵牛花椎间盘异常都可以解释为头神经病变的亚型。Further,烟雾病与心脏表现(先天性心脏缺陷和冠状动脉疾病)之间的关联也有报道.头部神经c和心脏神经c都有助于这些并发动脉疾病，作为心头神经病。
结论：头/心-头神经病的概念为理解潜在的病因关联和开发未来合并烟雾病和心血管疾病的治疗方法提供了新的视角。
方法：在这篇综述中，我们从神经c细胞分布的角度评估了神经c在烟雾病中的作用以及烟雾病和心血管疾病并发的病理意义。
结果：中线颅面和中枢神经系统异常伴眼睛异常，烟雾病患者的牵牛花椎间盘异常都可以解释为头神经病变的亚型。Further,烟雾病与心脏表现(先天性心脏缺陷和冠状动脉疾病)之间的关联也有报道.头部神经c和心脏神经c都有助于这些并发动脉疾病，作为心头神经病。
结论：头/心-头神经病的概念为理解潜在的病因关联和开发未来合并烟雾病和心血管疾病的治疗方法提供了新的视角。
