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Abstract：
Classic methods of machining cylindrical gears, such as hobbing or circumferential chiseling, require the use of expensive special machine tools and dedicated tools, which makes production unprofitable, especially in small and medium series. Today, special attention is paid to the technology of making gears using universal CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools with standard cheap tools. On the basis of the presented mathematical model, a software was developed to generate a code that controls a machine tool for machining cylindrical gears with straight and modified tooth line using the multipass method. Made of steel 16MnCr5, gear wheels with a straight tooth line and with a longitudinally modified convex-convex tooth line were machined on a five-axis CNC milling machine DMG MORI CMX50U, using solid carbide milling cutters (cylindrical and ball end) for processing. The manufactured gears were inspected on a ZEISS coordinate measuring machine, using the software Gear Pro Involute. The conformity of the outline, the tooth line, and the gear pitch were assessed. The side surfaces of the teeth after machining according to the planned strategy were also assessed; the tests were carried out using the optical microscope Alicona Infinite Focus G5 and the contact profilographometer Taylor Hobson, Talysurf 120. The presented method is able to provide a very good quality of machined gears in relation to competing methods. The great advantage of this method is the use of a tool that is not geometrically related to the shape of the machined gear profile, which allows the production of cylindrical gears with a tooth and profile line other than the standard.
摘要：
加工圆柱齿轮的经典方法，如滚齿或周向凿，需要使用昂贵的专用机床和专用工具，这使得生产无利可图，尤其是中小型系列。今天,特别注意使用带有标准廉价工具的通用CNC（计算机数控）机床制造齿轮的技术。在给出的数学模型的基础上,开发了一个软件来生成一个代码，该代码控制机床，该机床使用多道法加工具有直齿线和修正齿线的圆柱齿轮。由16MnCr5钢制成，在五轴数控铣床DMGMORICMX50U上加工出具有直齿线和纵向修改的凸-凸齿线的齿轮，采用整体硬质合金铣刀（圆柱和球头）进行加工。制造的齿轮在蔡司坐标测量机上进行了检查，使用软件GearPro渐开线。大纲的一致性，齿线,和齿轮螺距进行了评估。还根据计划的策略对加工后的牙齿侧面进行了评估；使用光学显微镜AliconaInfiniteFocusG5和接触式轮廓分析仪TaylorHobson进行了测试，Talysurf120.与竞争方法相比，所提出的方法能够提供非常好的加工齿轮质量。这种方法的最大优点是使用与加工齿轮轮廓的形状几何无关的工具，这允许生产具有标准以外的齿和轮廓线的圆柱齿轮。
