Population Genetic Structure Analysis Reveals Decreased but Moderate Diversity for the Oriental Fire-Bellied Toad Introduced to Beijing after 90 Years of Independent Evolution.

种群遗传结构分析揭示了引进北京的东方火带蟾蜍经过 90 年的独立进化后 ， 种群多样性下降但中等。

• 影响指数: 3.231
• 发表时间: May 2021 17
• 来源期刊: Animals (Basel)
• DOI: 10.3390/ani11051429
• PMID: 34067517
• 文章类型: Journal Article
• 作者列表: Teng Y,Yang J,Zhu G,Gao F,Han Y,Bao W

关键词: Bombina orientalis; genetic variation; independent evolution; microsatellite marker; mitochondrial DNA

Abstract

Detailed molecular genetic research on amphibian populations has a significant role in understanding the genetic adaptability to local environments. The oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis) were artificially introduced to Beijing from Shandong Province in 1927, and since then, this separated population went through an independent evolution. To explore the differentiation of the introduced population with its original population, this study analyzed the genetic structure of the oriental fire-bellied toad, based on the mitochondrial genome control region and six microsatellite sites. The results showed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the mitochondrial D-loop region partial sequences of the Beijing Botanical Garden population and the Baiwangshan population were lower than those of the Shangdong Kunyushan population. Microsatellite marker analysis also showed that the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of the Beijing populations were lower than those of the Kunyushan population. The phylogenetic trees and network diagrams of haplotypes indicated that the three populations were not genetically separated. However, the structure analysis showed a genetic differentiation and categorized the sampling individuals into Beijing and Shandong genetic clusters, which indicated a tendency for isolated evolution in the Beijing population. Although the Beijing populations showed a decline in genetic diversity, it was still at a moderate level, which could maintain the survival of the population. Thus, there is no need to reintroduce new individuals from the Kunyushan source population.

摘要

对两栖动物种群进行详细的分子遗传研究对于了解对当地环境的遗传适应性具有重要作用。东方火腹蟾蜍(BombinaOrientalis)于1927年从山东人为引进北京,此后,这个分离的种群经历了独立的进化。探讨引进人口与其原有人口的分化,这项研究分析了东方火腹蟾蜍的遗传结构，基于线粒体基因组控制区和六个微卫星位点。结果表明，北京植物园种群和白望山种群线粒体D-loop区部分序列的单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性均低于山东昆裕山种群。微卫星标记分析还表明，北京种群的观测杂合度和预期杂合度低于昆玉山种群。单倍型的系统发育树和网络图表明，这三个种群没有遗传分离。然而,结构分析显示了遗传分化，并将采样个体分为北京和山东遗传簇，这表明了北京人口孤立进化的趋势。尽管北京种群的遗传多样性下降，它仍然处于中等水平，可以维持人口的生存。因此，没有必要从昆玉山源人口中重新引入新的个体。