PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The purpose of this case series was to evaluate the presence of low Energy Availability (EA) and its impact on components of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in a population of female collegiate runners. Seven female NCAA Division I athletes (age: 22.3 ± 1.5 yrs; height: 169.7 ± 5.7 cm; weight: 58.3 ± 4.1 kg) were tracked from August until February, covering the beginning (Pre XC), end (Post XC) of their competitive cross country season, and beginning of the following track season (Pre Track). The athletes were assessed for female athlete triad (Triad) risk, energy availability, body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nutritional intake, and blood markers (including vitamin D, ferritin, and triiodothyronine (T3)). From Pre XC to Post XC there were no significant differences in body mass, fat free mass or body fat percentage. At Pre XC, mean EA was 31.6 ± 13.3 kcal/kg FFM∙d-1. From Post XC to Pre Track, there was a significant increase in body mass (59.1 ± 5.1 to 60.6 ± 5.7 kg, p<0.001,d=0.27). From Post XC to Pre Track, there was a significant increase in RMR (1466 ± 123.6 to 1614.6 ± 89.1 kcal·d-1, p<0.001,d=2.6). For 25(OH) vitamin D, there was a significant reduction from Pre XC to Post XC (44.1 ± 10.6 vs 39.5 ± 12.2 ng·mL-1, p=0.047,d=-0.4), and a significant increase from Post XC to Pre Track (39.5 ± 12.2 vs. 48.1 ± 10.4 ng·mL-1, p=0.014,d=0.75). For ferritin, there was a trend towards a decrease from Pre XC to Post XC (24.2 ± 13.2 vs. 15.7 ± 8.8 ng·mL-1, p=0.07, d=-0.75), as well as a trend toward an increase from Post XC to Pre Track (15.7 ± 8.8 vs. 34.1 ± 18.0 ng·mL-1, p=0.08, d=1.3). No differences in T3 were observed across time points. Average Triad risk score was 2.3 ± 1.4. Notably, 5 of 7 athletes met criteria for moderate risk. Despite many athletes meeting criteria for low EA and having elevated Triad risk assessment scores, most were able to maintain body mass and RMR. One athlete suffered severe performance decline and a reduced RMR. Surprisingly, she was the only athlete above the recommended value for ferritin. Following increased nutritional intake and reduced training volume, her performance and RMR recovered. Changes in body mass and body composition were not indicative of the presence of other concerns associated with RED-S. This exploratory work serves as a guide for future, larger studies for tracking athletes, using RMR and nutritional biomarkers to assess RED-S.
摘要：
本案例系列的目的是评估女性大学跑步者中低能量可用性（EA）的存在及其对运动中相对能量不足（RED-S）组成部分的影响。从8月到2月跟踪了7名NCAAI类女性运动员（年龄：22.3±1.5岁；身高：169.7±5.7厘米；体重：58.3±4.1公斤），覆盖开始（PreXC），他们竞争激烈的越野赛季结束(后XC)，以及下一个赛道赛季（PreTrack）的开始。对运动员进行女运动员三合会(三合会)风险评估,能源可用性，身体成分,静息代谢率（RMR），营养摄入，和血液标志物（包括维生素D，铁蛋白,和三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3））。从XC前到XC后，体重没有显着差异，无脂肪质量或身体脂肪百分比。在XC之前，平均EA为31.6±13.3kcal/kgFFM·d-1。从PostXC到PreTrack,体重明显增加（59.1±5.1至60.6±5.7kg，p<0.001,d=0.27)。从PostXC到PreTrack,RMR明显增加(1466±123.6至1614.6±89.1kcal·d-1,p<0.001,d=2.6)。对于25（OH）维生素D，从前XC到后XC显着降低（44.1±10.6vs39.5±12.2ng·mL-1，p=0.047，d=-0.4），从XC后到PreTrack（39.5±12.2与48.1±10.4ng·mL-1，p=0.014，d=0.75）。对于铁蛋白,从XC之前到XC之后有下降的趋势（24.2±13.2vs.15.7±8.8ng·mL-1，p=0.07，d=-0.75），以及从XC后增加到PreTrack的趋势（15.7±8.8与34.1±18.0ng·mL-1，p=0.08，d=1.3）。在各时间点没有观察到T3的差异。平均三联症风险评分为2.3±1.4。值得注意的是,7名运动员中有5名符合中等风险标准。尽管许多运动员符合低EA的标准，并且三合会风险评估得分较高，大多数能够维持体重和RMR。一名运动员的表现严重下降，RMR下降。令人惊讶的是,她是唯一高于铁蛋白推荐值的运动员。在增加营养摄入量和减少训练量之后，她的表现和RMR恢复了。体重和身体成分的变化并不表明存在与RED-S相关的其他问题。这项探索性工作是未来的指南，跟踪运动员的更大研究，使用RMR和营养生物标志物评估RED-S。
