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Abstract：
Modern research has proven that the \"typical patient\" requiring standardized treatments does not exist, reflecting the need for more personalized approaches for managing individual clinical profiles rather than broad diagnoses. In this regard, precision psychiatry has emerged focusing on enhancing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of psychiatric disorders through identifying clinical subgroups, suggesting personalized evidence-based interventions, assessing the effectiveness of different interventions, and identifying risk and protective factors for remission, relapse, and vulnerability. Literature shows that recent advances in the field of precision psychiatry are rapidly becoming more data-driven reflecting both the significance and the continuous need for translational research in mental health. Different etiologies underlying depression have been theorized and some factors have been identified including neural circuitry, biotypes, biopsychosocial markers, genetics, and metabolomics which have shown to explain individual differences in pathology and response to treatment. Although the precision approach may prove to enhance diagnosis and treatment decisions, major challenges are hindering its clinical translation. These include the clinical diversity of psychiatric disorders, the technical complexity and costs of multiomics data, and the need for specialized training in precision health for healthcare staff, besides ethical concerns such as protecting the privacy and security of patients\' data and maintaining health equity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent findings in the conceptualization and treatment of depression from a precision mental health perspective and to discuss potential challenges and future directions in the application of precision psychiatry for the treatment of depression.
摘要：
现代研究证明，需要标准化治疗的“典型患者”并不存在，反映出需要更个性化的方法来管理个体临床资料，而不是广泛的诊断。在这方面,精确精神病学已经出现，专注于加强预防，诊断,通过确定临床亚组来治疗精神疾病，建议个性化的循证干预措施，评估不同干预措施的有效性，并确定缓解的风险和保护因素，复发,和脆弱性。文献表明，精确精神病学领域的最新进展正在迅速变得更加数据驱动，这反映了心理健康转化研究的重要性和持续需求。抑郁症的不同病因已经被理论化，一些因素已经被确定，包括神经回路，生物型，生物心理社会标记，遗传学,和代谢组学已经证明可以解释病理学和治疗反应的个体差异。虽然精确的方法可能被证明可以增强诊断和治疗决策，主要挑战是阻碍其临床翻译。这些包括精神疾病的临床多样性，多组数据的技术复杂性和成本，以及需要对医护人员进行精准健康方面的专门培训，除了道德问题，例如保护患者数据的隐私和安全以及维护健康公平。这篇综述的目的是从精确心理健康的角度概述抑郁症的概念化和治疗的最新发现，并讨论应用精确精神病学治疗抑郁症的潜在挑战和未来方向。
