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Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Tendon development requires the coordinated interaction of muscles and tendons. Muscle-derived cells (MDCs), a mixed cell population containing both myogenic and fibroblastic cell subsets, have been found to be ideal seed cells for tendon regeneration. However, the necessity of these cell types for tendon regeneration has not yet been tested. In this study, we aim to explore the possible synergistic effects of myogenic cells and fibroblasts in engineered tendon regeneration.
UNASSIGNED: MDCs were separated into rapidly adhering cell (RAC; fibroblasts) and slowly adhering cell (SAC; myogenic cells) populations. Myogenic- and tenogenic-related molecules were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining, RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The proliferative abilities of MDCs, RACs and SACs were also evaluated. Cell-scaffold constructs were implanted into nude mice, and subsequently evaluated for their histologic, ultrastructure, gene expression, and biomechanical characteristics.
UNASSIGNED: MDCs have better proliferative activity than RAC and SAC population. RACs could express higher levels of tenogenic-related molecules tenomodulin (TNMD) and scleraxis (SCX) than SACs. Whereas SACs only expressed myogenic-related molecules MyoD. In contrast to the tendons engineered using RACs and SACs, the tendons engineered using MDCs exhibited a relatively more mature and well-organized tissue structure and ultrastructure as well as better mechanical properties.
UNASSIGNED: Fibroblasts in muscle may be the primary cell population involved in tendon regeneration and that myogenic cells are an important component of the niche and control the fibroblast activity during tendon regeneration. The synergistic effects between fibroblasts and myogenic cells significantly contribute to efficient and effective regeneration of engineered tendons.
UNASSIGNED: MDCs were separated into rapidly adhering cell (RAC; fibroblasts) and slowly adhering cell (SAC; myogenic cells) populations. Myogenic- and tenogenic-related molecules were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining, RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The proliferative abilities of MDCs, RACs and SACs were also evaluated. Cell-scaffold constructs were implanted into nude mice, and subsequently evaluated for their histologic, ultrastructure, gene expression, and biomechanical characteristics.
UNASSIGNED: MDCs have better proliferative activity than RAC and SAC population. RACs could express higher levels of tenogenic-related molecules tenomodulin (TNMD) and scleraxis (SCX) than SACs. Whereas SACs only expressed myogenic-related molecules MyoD. In contrast to the tendons engineered using RACs and SACs, the tendons engineered using MDCs exhibited a relatively more mature and well-organized tissue structure and ultrastructure as well as better mechanical properties.
UNASSIGNED: Fibroblasts in muscle may be the primary cell population involved in tendon regeneration and that myogenic cells are an important component of the niche and control the fibroblast activity during tendon regeneration. The synergistic effects between fibroblasts and myogenic cells significantly contribute to efficient and effective regeneration of engineered tendons.
摘要：
■肌腱发育需要肌肉和肌腱的协调相互作用。肌肉来源的细胞（MDCs），含有成肌细胞和成纤维细胞亚群的混合细胞群，已被发现是肌腱再生的理想种子细胞。然而,尚未测试这些细胞类型对肌腱再生的必要性。在这项研究中,我们的目的是探讨肌原细胞和成纤维细胞在工程肌腱再生中可能的协同作用。
■将MDC分成快速粘附细胞(RAC;成纤维细胞)和缓慢粘附细胞(SAC;生肌细胞)群。通过免疫荧光染色分析肌原和肌腱相关分子，RT-PCR和实时PCR。MDCs的增殖能力，还评估了RAC和SAC。将细胞支架构建体植入裸鼠体内,随后对其组织学进行了评估，超微结构，基因表达，和生物力学特征。
■MDC比RAC和SAC群体具有更好的增殖活性。与SAC相比，RAC可以表达更高水平的肌腱相关分子肌腱调节蛋白（TNMD）和巩膜（SCX）。而SAC仅表达肌源性相关分子MyoD。与使用RAC和SAC设计的肌腱相反，使用MDC工程化的肌腱表现出相对更成熟和组织良好的组织结构和超微结构以及更好的机械性能。
■肌肉中的成纤维细胞可能是参与肌腱再生的原代细胞群，而成肌细胞是小生境的重要组成部分，并在肌腱再生过程中控制成纤维细胞的活性。成纤维细胞和生肌细胞之间的协同作用显着有助于工程肌腱的高效和有效再生。
■将MDC分成快速粘附细胞(RAC;成纤维细胞)和缓慢粘附细胞(SAC;生肌细胞)群。通过免疫荧光染色分析肌原和肌腱相关分子，RT-PCR和实时PCR。MDCs的增殖能力，还评估了RAC和SAC。将细胞支架构建体植入裸鼠体内,随后对其组织学进行了评估，超微结构，基因表达，和生物力学特征。
■MDC比RAC和SAC群体具有更好的增殖活性。与SAC相比，RAC可以表达更高水平的肌腱相关分子肌腱调节蛋白（TNMD）和巩膜（SCX）。而SAC仅表达肌源性相关分子MyoD。与使用RAC和SAC设计的肌腱相反，使用MDC工程化的肌腱表现出相对更成熟和组织良好的组织结构和超微结构以及更好的机械性能。
■肌肉中的成纤维细胞可能是参与肌腱再生的原代细胞群，而成肌细胞是小生境的重要组成部分，并在肌腱再生过程中控制成纤维细胞的活性。成纤维细胞和生肌细胞之间的协同作用显着有助于工程肌腱的高效和有效再生。
