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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Colonization of intestinal microbiota in ruminant during the early life is important to host health, metabolism and immunity. Accumulating evidence revealed the ameliorative effect of milk replacer administration in the gut microbial development of early-weaned ruminants. Yimeng black goats (YBGs) inhabiting Shandong, China show a complex intestinal microbial ecosystem, but studies of their gut microbiota are still insufficient to report. Here, this study was performed to investigate how the gut microbiota develops in weaned YBGs with the effect of age and milk replacer.
RESULTS: Results indicated that both age and milk replacer were important factors to change the gut microbiota of YBGs. Although the alpha diversity of gut microbiota did not change with the age of YBGs, the taxonomic compositions significantly changed. The relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, Eubacterium and Barnesiella significantly decreased and subsequently increase with age, which contributes to maintain the stability of intestinal environment and realize the diversity of intestinal functions. The relative abundance of Porphyromonas, Brevundimonas, Flavobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Propionibacterium, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus and Clostridium belong to pathogenic bacteria in milk replacer-treated YBGs was significantly decreased. Additionally, some beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae and Ruminiclostridium also display a trend of decreasing first followed by gradually increasing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study first revealed the gut bacterial community alterations in YBGs with the effect of age and milk replacer. This study also characterized the gut microbial distribution in YBGs with different ages and provided better insight into microbial population structure and diversity of YBGs. Moreover, milk replacer may serve as a good applicant for improving gut microbial development in early-weaned YBGs.
RESULTS: Results indicated that both age and milk replacer were important factors to change the gut microbiota of YBGs. Although the alpha diversity of gut microbiota did not change with the age of YBGs, the taxonomic compositions significantly changed. The relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium, Eubacterium and Barnesiella significantly decreased and subsequently increase with age, which contributes to maintain the stability of intestinal environment and realize the diversity of intestinal functions. The relative abundance of Porphyromonas, Brevundimonas, Flavobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Propionibacterium, Acinetobacter, Enterococcus and Clostridium belong to pathogenic bacteria in milk replacer-treated YBGs was significantly decreased. Additionally, some beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae and Ruminiclostridium also display a trend of decreasing first followed by gradually increasing.
CONCLUSIONS: This study first revealed the gut bacterial community alterations in YBGs with the effect of age and milk replacer. This study also characterized the gut microbial distribution in YBGs with different ages and provided better insight into microbial population structure and diversity of YBGs. Moreover, milk replacer may serve as a good applicant for improving gut microbial development in early-weaned YBGs.
摘要：
背景：反刍动物早期肠道微生物群的定植对宿主健康很重要，新陈代谢和免疫力。越来越多的证据表明，代乳品在早期断奶反刍动物肠道微生物发育中的改善作用。沂蒙黑山羊（YBG）居住在山东，中国显示出复杂的肠道微生物生态系统，但是对他们的肠道微生物群的研究仍然不足以报道。这里,进行这项研究是为了研究断奶YBG中肠道微生物群的发育以及年龄和牛奶替代品的影响。
结果：结果表明，年龄和代乳品是改变YBG肠道菌群的重要因素。尽管肠道微生物群的α多样性并没有随着YBG的年龄而改变，分类组成发生了显着变化。一些有益细菌的相对丰度，如Lachnospirosaceae，Ruminocycaceae,Ruminiclostridium,Eubacterium和Barnesiella显着减少，随后随着年龄的增长而增加，有利于维持肠道环境的稳定,实现肠道功能的多样性。卟啉单胞菌的相对丰度，Brevundimonas,黄杆菌,窄食单胞菌,丙酸杆菌,不动杆菌,肠球菌和梭菌属致病菌在代乳粉处理的YBG中明显下降。此外,一些有益的细菌，如Ruminococus，Ruminocycaceae,Christensenellaceae和Ruminiclostribum也显示出先减少后逐渐增加的趋势。
结论：这项研究首次揭示了YBG中肠道细菌群落的改变，以及年龄和牛奶替代品的影响。这项研究还表征了不同年龄YBG中肠道微生物的分布，并提供了更好的了解YBG的微生物种群结构和多样性。此外，牛奶替代品可以作为改善早期断奶YBG中肠道微生物发育的良好申请人。
结果：结果表明，年龄和代乳品是改变YBG肠道菌群的重要因素。尽管肠道微生物群的α多样性并没有随着YBG的年龄而改变，分类组成发生了显着变化。一些有益细菌的相对丰度，如Lachnospirosaceae，Ruminocycaceae,Ruminiclostridium,Eubacterium和Barnesiella显着减少，随后随着年龄的增长而增加，有利于维持肠道环境的稳定,实现肠道功能的多样性。卟啉单胞菌的相对丰度，Brevundimonas,黄杆菌,窄食单胞菌,丙酸杆菌,不动杆菌,肠球菌和梭菌属致病菌在代乳粉处理的YBG中明显下降。此外,一些有益的细菌，如Ruminococus，Ruminocycaceae,Christensenellaceae和Ruminiclostribum也显示出先减少后逐渐增加的趋势。
结论：这项研究首次揭示了YBG中肠道细菌群落的改变，以及年龄和牛奶替代品的影响。这项研究还表征了不同年龄YBG中肠道微生物的分布，并提供了更好的了解YBG的微生物种群结构和多样性。此外，牛奶替代品可以作为改善早期断奶YBG中肠道微生物发育的良好申请人。
