关键词： NSCLC imaging mass cytometry immunotherapy pseudoprogression single-cell RNA-sequencing

Mesh ： Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / drug effects immunology Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / diagnostic imaging drug therapy genetics immunology Chemotherapy, Adjuvant Cisplatin / therapeutic use Dendritic Cells / drug effects immunology Deoxycytidine / analogs & derivatives therapeutic use Gene Expression Profiling Humans Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use Immunohistochemistry Lung Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging drug therapy genetics immunology Lymph Node Excision Lymphatic Metastasis Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / drug effects immunology Male Middle Aged Neoadjuvant Therapy Pneumonectomy RNA-Seq Transcriptome Treatment Outcome Tumor Burden / drug effects Tumor Microenvironment Tumor-Associated Macrophages / drug effects immunology

来  源：   DOI：10.3389/fimmu.2021.633534   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract：
A 56-year-old male was diagnosed with right lung upper lobe squamous cancer with right hilar and mediastinum lymph node metastasis. After four cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, reexamination by computed tomography showed progressive disease of the primary lesion. Then, the patient underwent a right lung upper lobectomy, and hilar and mediastinum lymph node dissection. Surgical pathology showed a partial response to immunochemotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to characterize the infiltrating immune cell atlas after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy; the most common infiltrating immune cell types were cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and macrophages. Imaging mass cytometry revealed a transformation from cold to hot tumor after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. In this case study, we are the first to report a case of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy pseudoprogression, proved by surgical pathology, single-cell RNA sequencing, and imaging mass cytometry. Both single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging mass cytometry revealed an activated immune microenvironment after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.
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