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Abstract：
Particulate matter (PM) contributes to air pollution and primarily originates from unregulated industrial emissions and seasonal natural dust emissions. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is a marine natural pigment from brown macroalgae that has been shown to have various beneficial effects on health. However, the effects of Fx on PM-induced toxicities in cells and animals have not been assessed. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of the Fx-rich fraction (FxRF) of Sargassum fusiformis against PM-mediated inflammatory responses. The FxRF composition was analyzed by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Fx and other main pigments were identified. FxRF attenuated the production of inflammatory components, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 from PM-exposed HaCaT keratinocytes. PM exposure also reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and PGE2 in PM-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. Additionally, the culture medium from PM-exposed HaCaT cells induced upregulation of NO, iNOS, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages. FxRF also significantly decreased the expression levels of factors involved in inflammatory responses, such as NO, reactive oxygen species, and cell death, in PM-exposed zebrafish embryos. These results demonstrated the potential protective effects of FxRF against PM-induced inflammation both in vitro and in a zebrafish model.
摘要：
颗粒物（PM）导致空气污染，主要来自不受管制的工业排放和季节性自然粉尘排放。岩藻黄质（Fx）是一种来自棕色大型藻类的海洋天然色素，已被证明对健康具有各种有益作用。然而,尚未评估Fx对PM诱导的细胞和动物毒性的影响。在这项研究中,我们研究了羊尾藻Fx-richfraction(FxRF)对PM-介导的炎症反应的抗炎潜力。通过快速分辨液相色谱质谱法分析FxRF组合物。鉴定了Fx和其他主要颜料。FxRF减弱了炎症成分的产生，包括前列腺素E2（PGE2），环氧合酶-2，白细胞介素（IL）-1β，和来自PM暴露的HaCaT角质形成细胞的IL-6。PM暴露也降低了一氧化氮（NO）的水平，肿瘤坏死因子-α，诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS），和PGE2在暴露于PM的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中。此外,来自PM暴露的HaCaT细胞的培养基诱导NO的上调，iNOS,RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的PGE2和促炎性细胞因子。FxRF还显著降低了与炎症反应有关的因子的表达水平，如NO,活性氧，和细胞死亡，在PM暴露的斑马鱼胚胎中。这些结果证明了FxRF在体外和斑马鱼模型中对PM诱导的炎症的潜在保护作用。
