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Abstract：
Molecular cytopathology is a rapidly evolving field embracing both conventional microscopy and molecular pathology. Its growing popularity stems from the fact that in many types of advanced cancers, including non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cytological samples often constitute the only available specimens for morphomolecular analysis. Indeed, non formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) cytological samples feature a higher quality of extracted nucleic acids than histological specimens. However, because of the growing complexity of molecular testing, several efforts should be made to validate the analytical performance of the wide array of currently available molecular technologies, including next generation sequencing (NGS). This technology has the terrific advantage of allowing simultaneous detection of scores of predictive biomarkers even in low-input DNA/RNA specimens. Here, we briefly review the role of the modern cytopathologist in the morphomolecular diagnosing of advanced stage NSCLC and the adoption of NGS in conventional cytopreparations (cell blocks, direct smears, and liquid-based cytology) and supernatants.
摘要：
分子细胞病理学是一个迅速发展的领域，涵盖了常规显微镜和分子病理学。它越来越受欢迎是因为在许多类型的晚期癌症中，包括非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC），细胞学样本通常是唯一可用于形态分子分析的样本。的确,非福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋（FFPE）的细胞学样品具有比组织学标本更高的提取核酸质量。然而,因为分子检测越来越复杂,应该做出一些努力来验证广泛的现有分子技术的分析性能，包括下一代测序（NGS）。该技术具有巨大的优势，即使在低输入的DNA/RNA标本中，也可以同时检测预测性生物标志物的得分。这里,我们简要回顾了现代细胞病理学家在晚期NSCLC的形态分子诊断中的作用以及在常规细胞修复中采用NGS（细胞块，直接涂片,和液基细胞学）和上清液。
