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Abstract：
In the challenge of transforming waste into useful products that can be re-used in a circular perspective, Italian wine industry can represent a suitable model for the application of the bioeconomy principles, including the valorisation of the agricultural and food waste. In the present study, a comprehensive environmental assessment of the traditional production of wine was performed and the potentiality of a biorefinery system, based on winery waste and aimed at recovering useful bio-based products, such as grapeseed oil and calcium tartrate, was examined through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The wine company \"I Borboni\", producing Asprinio wine in the Campania Region (Italy), was proposed as a case study. The hotspots of the linear production system were identified and the bottling phase, in particular the production of packaging glass, resulted to contribute to the generation of impacts at 63%, on average, versus 14.3% of the agricultural phase and 22.7% of the vinification phase. The LCA results indicated human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and fossil resource scarcity impact categories as the most affected ones, with normalized impacts amounting to 9.22E-03, 3.89E-04 and 2.64E-04, respectively. Two side production chains (grapeseed oil and tartrate production) were included and circular patterns were designed and introduced in the traditional production chain with the aim of valorising the winery residues and improving the overall environmental performance. By implementing the circular approach, environmental impacts in the global warming, freshwater eutrophication and mineral resource scarcity impact categories, in particular, resulted three times lower than in the linear system. The results achieved demonstrated that closing the loops in the wine industry, through the reuse of bio-based residues alternatively to fossil-based inputs within the production process, and integrating the traditional production system with new side production chains led to an upgrade of the wineries to biorefineries, towards more sustainable production patterns.
摘要：
在将废物转化为可循环使用的有用产品的挑战中，意大利葡萄酒行业可以代表应用生物经济原理的合适模型，包括农业和食物垃圾的价值化。在本研究中,对传统葡萄酒生产进行了全面的环境评估，并对生物精炼系统的潜力进行了评估，基于酿酒厂的废物，旨在回收有用的生物基产品，如葡萄籽油和酒石酸钙，通过生命周期评估(LCA)进行检查。葡萄酒公司“IBorboni”，在坎帕尼亚地区（意大利）生产Asprinio葡萄酒，是作为案例研究提出的。确定了线性生产系统的热点，并在装瓶阶段，特别是包装玻璃的生产，导致63%的影响产生，平均而言,农业阶段的14.3%和酿酒阶段的22.7%。LCA结果表明人类致癌毒性，淡水富营养化和化石资源稀缺影响类别是受影响最大的类别，归一化影响分别为9.22E-03、3.89E-04和2.64E-04。包括两个侧生产链（葡萄籽油和酒石酸盐生产），并在传统生产链中设计并引入了圆形图案，目的是提高酒厂残留物的价值并改善整体环境绩效。通过实施循环方法，全球变暖对环境的影响，淡水富营养化和矿产资源稀缺影响类别，特别是,结果比线性系统低三倍。取得的结果表明，关闭葡萄酒行业的循环，通过在生产过程中重复使用生物基残留物替代化石基投入，将传统生产系统与新的侧生产链相结合，导致酒厂升级为生物炼油厂，走向更可持续的生产模式。
