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Abstract：
The prognosis of patients with solid tumours has remarkably improved with the development of molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, the improvements in the prognosis of pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer is delayed compared to other carcinomas, and the 5-year survival rates of distal-stage disease are approximately 10 and 20%, respectively. However, a comprehensive analysis of tumour cells using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project has led to the identification of various driver mutations. Evidently, few mutations exist across organs, and basket trials targeting driver mutations regardless of the primary organ are being actively conducted. Such basket trials not only focus on the gate keeper-type oncogene mutations, such as HER2 and BRAF, but also focus on the caretaker-type tumour suppressor genes, such as BRCA1/2, mismatch repair-related genes, which cause hereditary cancer syndrome. As oncogene panel testing is a vital approach in routine practice, clinicians should devise a strategy for improved understanding of the cancer genome. Here, the gene mutation profiles of pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer have been outlined and the current status of tumour-agnostic therapy in these cancers has been reported.
摘要：
随着分子靶向药物和免疫检查点抑制剂的发展，实体瘤患者的预后得到了显着改善。然而,与其他癌症相比，胰腺癌和胆道癌的预后改善延迟，远端疾病的5年生存率约为10％和20％，分别。然而,使用癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）项目对肿瘤细胞进行全面分析，从而鉴定出各种驱动突变。显然,器官间几乎没有突变，和针对驱动突变的篮子试验，无论主要器官正在积极进行。这样的篮子试验不仅关注门卫型致癌基因突变，比如HER2和BRAF，但也关注看护型肿瘤抑制基因，如BRCA1/2，错配修复相关基因，导致遗传性癌症综合症.由于癌基因小组检测是常规实践中的重要方法，临床医生应制定策略,以提高对癌症基因组的了解.这里,已经概述了胰腺癌和胆道癌的基因突变谱,并报道了这些癌症的肿瘤无关性治疗的现状.
