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Abstract：
Fertility is one of the key factors in the economic and productive success of the equine industry. Despite this, studies on the genetic causes affecting reproductive performance are scarce, especially in mares, where the genetic architecture of the reproductive traits is extremely complex. Today, with the increasing availability of new genomic methodologies for this species, we are presented with an interesting opportunity to understand the genetic basis of equine reproductive disorders. These include, among others, novel techniques for detecting chromosomal abnormalities, whose association with infertility in horses was established over 50 years ago; new sequencing technologies permitting an accurate detection of point mutations influencing fertility, as well as the study of inbreeding and molecular homozygosity, which has been widely suggested as one of the main causes of low reproductive performance in horses. Finally, over the last few years, reproductive performance has also been associated with copy number variants and candidate genes detected by genome-wide association studies on fertility traits. However, such studies are still scarce, probably because they depend on the existence of large and accurate phenotypic datasets of reproductive and/or fertility traits, which are still difficult to obtain in equines.
摘要：
生育率是马业经济和生产成功的关键因素之一。尽管如此,关于影响生殖性能的遗传原因的研究很少，尤其是在马尔斯，生殖特征的遗传结构非常复杂。今天,随着该物种新基因组方法的日益普及，我们有一个有趣的机会来了解马生殖障碍的遗传基础。这些包括,其中,检测染色体异常的新技术，其与马的不孕症的关联是在50多年前建立的；新的测序技术允许准确检测影响生育力的点突变，以及近交和分子纯合性的研究，这已被广泛认为是马繁殖性能低下的主要原因之一。最后,在过去的几年里，繁殖性能也与通过全基因组关联研究对生育力性状检测到的拷贝数变异和候选基因相关。然而,这样的研究仍然很少，可能是因为它们依赖于生殖和/或生育特征的大型而准确的表型数据集的存在，在马科中仍然很难获得。
