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Abstract：
Neonatal passive immunity, derived from transplacental transfer of IgG antibodies from mother to fetus during pregnancy, can mitigate the risk for severe infections in the early postnatal period. Understanding the placenta as the gateway organ in this process, we aimed to evaluate the influence of specific factors modulating the transplacental IgG transfer rate (TPTR) in 141 mother/neonate pairs. We further evaluated the potential health advantage elicited by maternal IgG with regard to respiratory tract infections during infancy and early childhood. Data and biological samples collected within the prospective longitudinal pregnancy cohort study PRINCE (Prenatal Identification of Children\'s Health) were used for these analyses. We tested IgG antibody levels against seven pathogens (measles, mumps, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and influenza A) by ELISA and detected seropositivity in 72.6-100% of pregnant women and in 76.3-100% of their neonates, respectively. Cord blood IgG levels reached 137-160% of levels detected in maternal blood. Strikingly, assessment of TPTR for all seven antigens highlighted that TPTR strongly depends on individual placental function. Subsequent in-depth analysis of anti-influenza A IgG revealed a link between cord blood levels and uterine perfusion, measured by uterine artery pulsatility index. Moreover, higher cord blood anti-influenza A IgG levels were associated with a significantly reduced risk for respiratory tract infections during the first six months of life, indicating a high degree of cross-reactivity and possible pathogen-agnostic effects of anti-influenza A antibodies. Taken together, our data suggest that early life immunity is modulated by maternal IgG levels and individual placental features such as perfusion. Vaccination of pregnant women, i.e. against influenza, can increase neonatal antibody levels and hereby protect against early life respiratory infections. Consequently, specific guidelines should evolve in order to safeguard neonates born from pregnancies with poorer placental capacity for vertical transfer of protective antibodies.
摘要：
新生儿被动免疫,来自怀孕期间从母体到胎儿的IgG抗体的胎盘转移，可以减轻产后早期严重感染的风险。理解胎盘是这个过程中的门户器官，我们旨在评估调节141对母亲/新生儿胎盘IgG转移率（TPTR）的特定因素的影响。我们进一步评估了孕妇IgG在婴儿期和幼儿期呼吸道感染方面的潜在健康优势。在前瞻性纵向妊娠队列研究PRINCE（儿童健康的产前鉴定）中收集的数据和生物样本用于这些分析。我们检测了7种病原体的IgG抗体水平（麻疹，腮腺炎,风疹,破伤风,白喉,百日咳和甲型流感）通过ELISA检测，并在72.6-100％的孕妇和76.3-100％的新生儿中检测到血清阳性，分别。脐带血IgG水平达到母体血液中检测到的水平的137-160%。引人注目的是，对所有7种抗原的TPTR的评估强调TPTR强烈依赖于个体胎盘功能。随后对抗甲型流感IgG的深入分析揭示了脐带血水平与子宫灌注之间的联系，用子宫动脉搏动指数测定。此外，较高的脐带血抗甲型流感IgG水平与生命最初6个月呼吸道感染风险显著降低相关,表明抗甲型流感抗体的高度交叉反应性和可能的病原体不可知效应。一起来看,我们的数据表明,生命早期免疫受母体IgG水平和个别胎盘特征(如灌注)的调节.孕妇接种疫苗，即对抗流感，可以增加新生儿抗体水平，从而预防生命早期的呼吸道感染。因此,应该制定具体的指导方针,以保护胎盘能力较差的妊娠新生儿的保护性抗体垂直转移.
