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Abstract：
Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.
摘要：
干细胞和细胞凋亡可能突出了从个体发育到生命终结的复杂途径中再生和死亡之间的二分法。在过去的几年里，已经出现的概念是,相同的microRNAs(miRNAs)可以同时参与细胞凋亡相关机制和细胞分化.分化过程是否会产生大脑区域的结构，miRNA表达的任何持久扰动都可能与神经发育/神经病理学状况的发生有关。此外，作为神经干细胞（NSC）转化为癌症干细胞（CSC）的结果，不同miRNA的精细调节变得必要。此事件意味着控制前/抗凋亡靶基因的表达，这对于脑肿瘤中神经/神经c衍生的CSC的管理至关重要，神经母细胞瘤,还有黑色素瘤.从平移的角度来看，本文将对基于miRNA的新兴神经病理学治疗应用和抗肿瘤策略的当前进展进行披露，并讨论它们的优点和缺点。
