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Abstract：
Masculinity, body image and self-esteem are important interlinked factors affecting prostate cancer (PCa) patients\' quality of life. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate all tools measuring these domains in men with PCa.
This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines with a priori protocol registered. Pubmed, Embase, Medline and Psychinfo were searched from inception to May 2020. Studies using a predefined tool which measured any body image, self-esteem or masculinity construct in men with PCa were included, as well as validation studies of these. Reliability, validity and responsiveness of tools identified were objectively evaluated against the COSMIN taxonomy of measurement properties.
From 1416 records screened, a final 46 studies consisting of 17 different tools were included in the systematic review. Seven tools were identified assessing body image, nine masculinity and one self-esteem, varying widely in their number of items, possible responses and domains assessed. Most tools had evaluated internal consistency through Cronbach\'s alpha analysis; however, structural and discriminative validity, and responsiveness were lacking for many. Additionally, only one tool identified was specifically developed and evaluated in patients with PCa: The Masculinity in Chronic Disease Inventory.
Numerous tools have been used for the measurement of body image, masculinity and self-esteem in men with PCa. However, few were developed specifically for these patients. More research is therefore needed to ascertain specific factors affecting these outcomes in PCa patients, so valid, reliable and clinically relevant tools can be developed.
This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines with a priori protocol registered. Pubmed, Embase, Medline and Psychinfo were searched from inception to May 2020. Studies using a predefined tool which measured any body image, self-esteem or masculinity construct in men with PCa were included, as well as validation studies of these. Reliability, validity and responsiveness of tools identified were objectively evaluated against the COSMIN taxonomy of measurement properties.
From 1416 records screened, a final 46 studies consisting of 17 different tools were included in the systematic review. Seven tools were identified assessing body image, nine masculinity and one self-esteem, varying widely in their number of items, possible responses and domains assessed. Most tools had evaluated internal consistency through Cronbach\'s alpha analysis; however, structural and discriminative validity, and responsiveness were lacking for many. Additionally, only one tool identified was specifically developed and evaluated in patients with PCa: The Masculinity in Chronic Disease Inventory.
Numerous tools have been used for the measurement of body image, masculinity and self-esteem in men with PCa. However, few were developed specifically for these patients. More research is therefore needed to ascertain specific factors affecting these outcomes in PCa patients, so valid, reliable and clinically relevant tools can be developed.
摘要：
阳刚之气,身体形象和自尊是影响前列腺癌（PCa）患者生活质量的重要关联因素。这项系统评价的目的是确定和评估所有测量PCa男性这些领域的工具。
本综述是根据PRISMA指南进行的，并注册了先验协议。Pubmed,Embase,Medline和Psychinfo从成立到2020年5月进行了搜索。使用预定义的工具测量任何身体图像的研究，包括PCa男性的自尊或男性气质，以及这些的验证研究。可靠性,识别的工具的有效性和响应性根据测量属性的COSMIN分类法进行了客观评估。
从筛选的1416条记录中，由17种不同工具组成的最后46项研究纳入了系统评价.确定了七个评估身体图像的工具，九个男子气概和一个自尊，项目数量差异很大，可能的反应和评估的领域。大多数工具都通过Cronbach的alpha分析评估了内部一致性；然而，结构效度和判别效度，许多人缺乏反应能力。此外,在PCa患者中专门开发和评估了一种确定的工具：慢性病清单中的男性气质。
已经使用了许多工具来测量身体图像，男性男性气质和自尊与PCa。然而,很少是专门为这些患者开发的。因此，需要更多的研究来确定影响PCa患者这些结果的具体因素。如此有效，可以开发可靠和临床相关的工具。
本综述是根据PRISMA指南进行的，并注册了先验协议。Pubmed,Embase,Medline和Psychinfo从成立到2020年5月进行了搜索。使用预定义的工具测量任何身体图像的研究，包括PCa男性的自尊或男性气质，以及这些的验证研究。可靠性,识别的工具的有效性和响应性根据测量属性的COSMIN分类法进行了客观评估。
从筛选的1416条记录中，由17种不同工具组成的最后46项研究纳入了系统评价.确定了七个评估身体图像的工具，九个男子气概和一个自尊，项目数量差异很大，可能的反应和评估的领域。大多数工具都通过Cronbach的alpha分析评估了内部一致性；然而，结构效度和判别效度，许多人缺乏反应能力。此外,在PCa患者中专门开发和评估了一种确定的工具：慢性病清单中的男性气质。
已经使用了许多工具来测量身体图像，男性男性气质和自尊与PCa。然而,很少是专门为这些患者开发的。因此，需要更多的研究来确定影响PCa患者这些结果的具体因素。如此有效，可以开发可靠和临床相关的工具。
