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Abstract：
Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) are ubiquitous in nature and have attracted considerable attention as they can be used for energy recovery and environmental remediation via their extracellular electron transfer (EET) capabilities. Although the EET mechanisms of Shewanella and Geobacter have been rigorously investigated and are well characterized, much less is known about the EET mechanisms of other microorganisms. For EAMs, efficient EET is crucial for the sustainable economic development of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). Currently, the low efficiency of EET remains a key factor in limiting the development of BESs. In this review, we focus on the EET mechanisms of different microorganisms, (i.e., bacteria, fungi, and archaea). In addition, we describe in detail three engineering strategies for improving the EET ability of EAMs: (1) enhancing transmembrane electron transport via cytochrome protein channels; (2) accelerating electron transport via electron shuttle synthesis and transmission; and (3) promoting the microbe-electrode interface reaction via regulating biofilm formation. At the end of this review, we look to the future, with an emphasis on the cross-disciplinary integration of systems biology and synthetic biology to build high-performance EAM systems.
摘要：
电活性微生物（EAM）在自然界中普遍存在，并且由于它们可以通过其胞外电子转移（EET）能力用于能量回收和环境修复而引起了广泛关注。尽管Shewanella和Geobacter的EET机制已得到严格研究和充分表征，对其他微生物的EET机制知之甚少。对于EAM，高效的EET对于生物电化学系统（BES）的可持续经济发展至关重要。目前,EET的低效率仍然是限制BES发展的关键因素。在这次审查中,我们专注于不同微生物的EET机制，(即，细菌,真菌,和古细菌）。此外,我们详细描述了三种提高EAMEET能力的工程策略：（1）通过细胞色素蛋白通道增强跨膜电子传输；（2）通过电子穿梭合成和传输加速电子传输；（3）通过调节生物膜的形成促进微生物-电极界面反应。在这次审查结束时，我们展望未来，重点是系统生物学和合成生物学的跨学科集成，以构建高性能的EAM系统。
