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Abstract：
Histories of medicine and vaccinology routinely reference the Ottoman Empire with regard to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, her children\'s variolation, and the transmission of this knowledge throughout Britain and thereafter Europe. Few, however, follow the empire\'s ongoing relationship with vaccination after the Montagu family\'s departure. This article examines this aspect of Ottoman medical history by noting how Jenner\'s advances diffused back into the empire and then presenting and analyzing how imperial, medical, and even community leaders began to both educationally condition the population and gradually enact legislation that mandated vaccination. Owing to severe infrastructural, personnel, and financial deficits, instability, and popular fears and trepidation, the empire\'s aspirations to achieve universal vaccination were far from realized by the time of its early 1920s demise-especially throughout largely rural Anatolia. Ottoman institutional, educational, and legislative advances, however, collectively prepared the ground for the succeeding Turkish republic and its public health agenda. Given the republic\'s promotion of its efforts to modernize Turkey amid its mutual initiatives of nation-building, the empire\'s histories of providing this foundation are also sometimes overlooked.
摘要：
医学和疫苗学的历史通常参考奥斯曼帝国关于玛丽·沃特利·蒙塔古夫人，她的孩子的变种，以及这些知识在英国和欧洲的传播。很少，然而,跟随蒙塔古家族离开后帝国与疫苗接种的持续关系。本文通过注意詹纳的进步如何扩散回帝国，然后介绍和分析帝国，medical,甚至社区领导人也开始在教育上为人口提供条件，并逐步颁布强制接种疫苗的立法。由于严重的基础设施，人员,和财政赤字，不稳定性,以及普遍的恐惧和恐惧，帝国实现普遍接种疫苗的愿望远未在1920年代初灭亡时实现，尤其是在安纳托利亚大部分农村地区。奥斯曼帝国的机构，教育,和立法进步，然而,共同为下一个土耳其共和国及其公共卫生议程奠定了基础。鉴于共和国在共同的国家建设倡议中促进土耳其现代化的努力，帝国提供这种基础的历史有时也被忽视了。
