PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
The devastating pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused thousands of deaths and left millions of restless patients suffering from its complications. Increasing data indicate that the disease presents in a severe form in patients with pre-existing chronic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory system diseases, and renal diseases. This denotes that these patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 and have higher mortality rates compared to patients with no comorbid conditions. Several factors can explain the heightened susceptibility and fatal presentation of COVID-19 in these patients, for example, the enhanced expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) in specific organs, cytokine storm, and drug interactions contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality. Adding to the findings that individuals with pre-existing conditions may be more susceptible to COVID-19, it has also been shown that COVID-19 can induce chronic diseases in previously healthy patients. Therefore, understanding the interlinked relationship between COVID-19 and chronic diseases helps in optimizing the management of susceptible patients. This review comprehensively described the molecular mechanisms that contribute to worse COVID-19 prognosis in patients with pre-existing comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal and renal diseases, blood disorders, autoimmune diseases, and finally, obesity. It also focused on how COVID-19 could, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions as a result of long-term multi-organ damage. Lastly, this work carefully discussed the tailored management plans for each specific patient population, aiming to achieve the best therapeutic outcome with minimum complications.
摘要：
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的毁灭性大流行已经造成数千人死亡，数百万不安的患者患有其并发症。越来越多的数据表明，这种疾病在患有心血管疾病等慢性病的患者中以严重的形式出现，糖尿病,呼吸系统疾病,和肾脏疾病。这表明与没有共病的患者相比，这些患者更容易感染COVID-19，死亡率更高。几个因素可以解释这些患者中COVID-19的高易感性和致命性表现，例如,血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）在特定器官中的表达增强，细胞因子风暴，和药物相互作用导致发病率和死亡率增加。除了先前存在疾病的个体可能更容易感染COVID-19的发现外，还表明COVID-19可以在先前健康的患者中诱发慢性疾病。因此,了解COVID-19与慢性病的相互关联关系有助于优化易感患者的管理.这篇综述全面描述了导致先前存在糖尿病等合并症患者COVID-19预后恶化的分子机制。心血管疾病,呼吸系统疾病,胃肠道和肾脏疾病，血液疾病,自身免疫性疾病，最后，肥胖。它还关注了COVID-19如何，在某些情况下,长期多器官损伤导致慢性疾病。最后,这项工作仔细讨论了为每个特定患者群体量身定制的管理计划，旨在以最少的并发症达到最佳治疗效果。
