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Abstract：
Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, all have one clear common denominator; an altered turnover of bone. However, this may be more complex than a simple change in bone matrix and mineral turnover. While these diseases share a common tissue axis, their manifestations in the area of pathology are highly diverse, ranging from sclerosis to erosion of bone in different regions. The management of these diseases will benefit from a deeper understanding of the local versus systemic effects, the relation to the equilibrium of the bone balance (i.e., bone formation versus bone resorption), and the physiological and pathophysiological phenotypes of the cells involved (e.g., osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes and chondrocytes). For example, the process of endochondral bone formation in chondrocytes occurs exists during skeletal development and healthy conditions, but also in pathological conditions. This review focuses on the complex molecular and cellular taxonomy of bone in the context of rheumatological diseases that alter bone matrix composition and maintenance, giving rise to different bone turnover phenotypes, and how biomarkers (biochemical markers) can be applied to potentially describe specific bone phenotypic tissue profiles.
摘要：
骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎,银屑病关节炎,强直性脊柱炎,都有一个明确的共同点；骨的周转改变。然而,这可能比骨基质和矿物质周转的简单变化更复杂。虽然这些疾病共享一个共同的组织轴，它们在病理学领域的表现非常多样化，从硬化到不同地区的骨侵蚀。这些疾病的管理将受益于对局部效应和系统性效应的更深入理解，与骨骼平衡的关系(即，骨形成与骨吸收)，以及所涉及细胞的生理和病理生理表型(例如，成骨细胞，破骨细胞,骨细胞和软骨细胞)。例如,软骨细胞中软骨内骨形成的过程存在于骨骼发育和健康状况中，而且在病理条件下。这篇综述着重于风湿性疾病中骨骼的复杂分子和细胞分类学，这些疾病会改变骨骼基质的组成和维持。产生不同的骨转换表型，以及如何应用生物标志物（生化标志物）来描述特定的骨表型组织谱。
