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Abstract：
Background: Intolerances to bovine dairy are a motivating factor in consumers seeking alternate-or replacement-dairy beverages and foods. Sheep milk (SM) is an alternate dairy source, with greater protein, although similar amino acid composition compared to cow milk (CM). Studies are yet to address the appearance of circulating amino acids following consumption of SM, relative to CM, in humans. Objective: To clinically determine the appearance of branched chain amino acids, and other amino acids, in circulation in response to equal servings of SM and CM, in females who avoid dairy products. Design: In a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial, 30 self-described dairy avoiding females (20-40 years) drank 650 mL of SM or CM that were reconstituted from the spray dried powders (30 and 25 g in 180 mL water, respectively) on separate occasions, following an overnight fast. After reconstitution, the energy and protein provided by SM was higher than for CM (2,140 vs. 1,649 kJ; 29.9 vs. 19.4 g protein); content of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) were 10.5 and 6.5 mg·mL-1, respectively. Blood samples were collected at fasting and at regular intervals over 5 h after milk consumption. Plasma amino acids were measured by HPLC. Results: 80% of subjects self-identified as lactose intolerant, and the majority (47%) \"avoided drinking milk\" \"most of the time\". SM resulted in greater plasma appearance of BCAAs at 60 min (641.1 ± 16.3 vs. 563.5 ± 14.4 μmol·L-1; p < 0.001) compared with CM. SM similarly resulted in elevated postprandial concentrations of the amino acids lysine, methionine, and proline, particularly at 240 min (time × milk interactions p = 0.011, 0.017, and p = 0.002, respectively). Postprandial increases in plasma alanine concentrations were sustained to 120 min after CM (time × milk interaction p = 0.001) but not after SM, despite greater quantities provided by SM. Conclusions: SM is a rich source of protein, and relative to CM, provides a greater quantity of BCAAs, with a corresponding elevation of the postprandial circulating BCAA response. SM is therefore a possible dairy alternative of benefit to those who need to increase total protein intake or for individuals with heightened protein requirements. Unique Identifier and Registry: https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375324, identifier U1111-1209-7768.
摘要：
背景：对牛乳的不容忍是消费者寻求替代或替代乳制品饮料和食品的激励因素。羊奶(SM)是一种替代乳制品来源，更多的蛋白质，虽然与牛奶（CM）的氨基酸组成相似。研究尚未解决SM消耗后循环氨基酸的出现，相对于CM，在人类中。目的:临床上确定支链氨基酸的外观,和其他氨基酸，在循环中，响应于SM和CM的等量，避免乳制品的女性。设计：在双盲中，随机化，交叉审判，30个自我描述的乳制品避免女性（20-40岁）喝了650毫升的SM或CM，这些SM或CM从喷雾干燥的粉末（30和25克在180毫升水中，分别)在不同的场合，经过一夜的快速。重建后,SM提供的能量和蛋白质高于CM(2,140vs.1,649kJ;29.9vs.19.4g蛋白质）；支链氨基酸（BCAAs）的含量分别为10.5和6.5mg·mL-1。在吃奶后5小时内禁食和定期收集血样。通过HPLC测量血浆氨基酸。结果：80％的受试者自我鉴定为乳糖不耐受，大多数人(47%)“大部分时间都避免喝牛奶”。SM导致60分钟时BCAA的血浆外观更大（641.1±16.3vs.563.5±14.4μmol·L-1；p<0.001）与CM相比。SM同样导致氨基酸赖氨酸的餐后浓度升高，蛋氨酸,和脯氨酸,特别是在240分钟时（时间×牛奶相互作用分别为p=0.011、0.017和p=0.002）。餐后血浆丙氨酸浓度的增加持续到CM后120分钟（时间×牛奶相互作用p=0.001），但不是在SM后，尽管SM提供了更多的数量。结论：SM是一种丰富的蛋白质来源，相对于CM，提供更多的BCAA，餐后循环BCAA反应相应升高。因此，对于需要增加总蛋白质摄入量的人或对蛋白质需求增加的个体来说，SM是一种可能的乳制品替代品。唯一标识符和注册表：https://www。anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375324，标识符U1111-1209-7768。
