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Abstract：
Metastasis is a multistep process that accounts for the majority of cancer-related death. By the end of metastasize dissemination, circulating tumor cells (CTC) need to extravasate the blood vessels at metastatic sites to form new colonization. Although cancer cell extravasation is a crucial step in cancer metastasis, it has not been successfully targeted by current anti-metastasis strategies due to the lack of a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This review focuses on recent progress in cancer extravasation visualization techniques, including the development of both in vitro and in vivo cancer extravasation models, that shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, multiple cancer extravasation stages, such as the adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, are successfully probed using these technologies. Moreover, the roles of different cell adhesive molecules, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as the mechanical factors in these stages are well illustrated. Deeper understandings of cancer extravasation mechanisms offer us new opportunities to escalate the discovery of anti-extravasation drugs and therapies and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
摘要：
转移是一个多步骤的过程，占癌症相关死亡的大多数。到转移传播结束时，循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）需要外渗转移部位的血管以形成新的定植。尽管癌细胞外渗是癌症转移的关键步骤，由于缺乏对调节这一过程的分子机制的透彻了解,目前的抗转移策略尚未成功地将其靶向.本文就肿瘤外渗可视化技术的最新进展作一综述。包括体外和体内癌症外渗模型的发展，揭示了潜在的机制。具体来说,多个癌症外渗阶段，例如与内皮的粘附和跨内皮迁移，使用这些技术进行了成功的探测。此外，不同细胞粘附分子的作用，趋化因子,和生长因子，以及这些阶段的机械因素都得到了很好的说明。对癌症外渗机制的更深入理解为我们提供了新的机会，可以逐步发现抗外渗药物和治疗方法，并改善癌症患者的预后。
