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Abstract：
Radiation therapy (RT), an integral component of curative treatment for many malignancies, can be administered via an increasing array of techniques. In this review, we summarize the properties and application of different types of RT, specifically, conventional therapy with x-rays, stereotactic body RT, and proton and carbon particle therapies. We highlight how low-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation induces simple DNA lesions that are efficiently repaired by cells, whereas high-LET radiation causes complex DNA lesions that are difficult to repair and that ultimately enhance cancer cell killing. Additionally, we discuss the immunogenicity of radiation-induced tumor death, elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which radiation mounts innate and adaptive immune responses and explore strategies by which we can increase the efficacy of these mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms by which RT modulates immune signaling and the key players involved in modulating the RT-mediated immune response will help to improve therapeutic efficacy and to identify novel immunomodulatory drugs that will benefit cancer patients undergoing targeted RT.
摘要：
放射治疗（RT），许多恶性肿瘤的治愈治疗的组成部分，可以通过越来越多的技术来管理。在这次审查中,我们总结了不同类型的RT的性质和应用，具体来说,常规X线治疗,立体定向体RT，质子和碳粒子疗法.我们强调了低线性能量转移（LET）辐射如何诱导简单的DNA损伤，这些损伤可以被细胞有效修复。而高LET辐射会导致复杂的DNA损伤，难以修复并最终增强癌细胞的杀伤能力。此外,我们讨论了辐射诱导的肿瘤死亡的免疫原性，阐明辐射引起先天和适应性免疫反应的分子机制,并探索提高这些机制疗效的策略.了解RT调节免疫信号的机制和参与调节RT介导的免疫反应的关键参与者将有助于提高治疗功效并鉴定将有益于接受靶向RT的癌症患者的新型免疫调节药物。
