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Abstract：
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the fifth most cultivated cereal crop in the world, traditionally providing food, feed, and fodder, but more recently also fermentable sugars for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. The hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola, the causal agent of anthracnose disease in sorghum, is prevalent in the warm and humid climates where much of the sorghum is cultivated and poses a serious threat to sorghum production. The use of anthracnose-resistant sorghum germplasm is the most environmentally and economically sustainable way to protect sorghum against this pathogen. Even though multiple anthracnose resistance loci have been mapped in diverse sorghum germplasm in recent years, the diversity in C. sublineola pathotypes at the local and regional levels means that these resistance genes are not equally effective in different areas of cultivation. This review summarizes the genetic and cytological data underlying sorghum\'s defense response and describes recent developments that will enable a better understanding of the interactions between sorghum and C. sublineola at the molecular level. This includes releases of the sorghum genome and the draft genome of C. sublineola, the use of next-generation sequencing technologies to identify gene expression networks activated in response to infection, and improvements in methodologies to validate resistance genes, notably virus-induced and transgenic gene silencing approaches.
摘要：
高粱（Sorghumbicolor）是世界第五大栽培谷类作物，传统上提供食物，饲料，和饲料，但最近还用于生产可再生燃料和化学品的可发酵糖。半营养真菌病原体炭疽病，高粱炭疽病的病原体，在温暖潮湿的气候中普遍存在，其中许多高粱被种植，并对高粱的生产构成严重威胁。使用抗炭疽病的高粱种质是保护高粱免受这种病原体侵害的最环保和经济可持续的方式。尽管近年来已在不同的高粱种质中定位了多个抗炭疽病基因座，在本地和区域水平上，C.sublineola致病型的多样性意味着这些抗性基因在不同的栽培区域并不同样有效。这篇综述总结了高粱防御反应的遗传和细胞学数据，并描述了最近的进展，这些进展将有助于在分子水平上更好地了解高粱和亚系梭菌之间的相互作用。这包括高粱基因组和C.sublineola基因组草图的发布，使用下一代测序技术来识别响应感染而激活的基因表达网络，以及验证抗性基因的方法的改进，特别是病毒诱导和转基因基因沉默方法。
