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Abstract：
Recently, natural dyes have a widening scope in various traditional and advanced applications due to their eco-friendly environment. However, improved dyeability of natural dyes still remains a challenging task. This research was aimed to achieve multi-objective wool with improved dyeability using bio-nano-mordant composed of m-Trans-glutaminase, m-TGase, and bentonite nanoclay. Wool fiber was treated through sonochemical method using different concentrations of m-TGase and bentonite. The surface morphology of wool fabric samples was examined by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR). Further, wool samples treated at different conditions were applied to madder for dyeability examination. The optimum conditions of color coordinates, color strength, K/S, and washing fastness of madder on treated wool fabric with m-TGase and bentonite, were also examined. The results revealed well-made interactions among m-TGase, bentonite, and wool fibers. In addition, surface morphology was strongly influenced by variations in enzyme concentrations so that extra addition of m-TGase lead to clear damage scales or less cuticle surface in SEM images. Moreover, the results showed that the value of K/S for treated wool samples was better than untreated samples. Indeed, amongst all, 5% concentrations of bio-nano-mordant for m-TGase and bentonite have the most constructive K/S values. Similarly, results of ΔE and antibacterial investigations also confirmed its superiority.
摘要：
最近,天然染料由于其环保的特点,在各种传统和先进的应用中有着越来越广泛的应用。然而,改善天然染料的可染性仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。本研究旨在使用由m-反式谷氨酰胺酶组成的生物纳米媒染剂实现具有改善的可染性的多目标羊毛，m-TGase,和膨润土纳米粘土。使用不同浓度的m-TGase和膨润土通过声化学方法处理羊毛纤维。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）检查了羊毛织物样品的表面形态，和傅里叶变换红外辐射(FTIR)。Further,在不同条件下处理的羊毛样品被应用于madder进行可染性检查。颜色坐标的最佳条件，颜色强度,K/S,m-TGase和膨润土对处理过的羊毛织物的洗涤牢度，也被检查过。结果揭示了m-TGase之间良好的相互作用，膨润土,和羊毛纤维。此外,表面形态受到酶浓度变化的强烈影响，因此额外添加m-TGase会导致SEM图像中明显的损伤鳞片或较少的角质层表面。此外，结果表明，处理后的羊毛样品的K/S值优于未处理的样品。的确,其中,5％浓度的m-TGase和膨润土的生物纳米媒染剂具有最大的建设性K/S值。同样，ΔE和抗菌研究的结果也证实了其优越性。
