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Abstract：
Energy restriction (ER) has anti-ageing effects and probably protects from a range of chronic diseases including cancer, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, ER has a positive impact on experimental kidney ageing, CKD (diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease) and acute kidney injury (nephrotoxic, ischaemia-reperfusion injury) through such mechanisms as increased autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and DNA repair, and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Key molecules contributing to ER-mediated kidney protection include adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, sirtuin-1 and PPAR-γ coactivator 1α. However, CKD is a complex condition, and ER may potentially worsen CKD complications such as protein-energy wasting, bone-mineral disorders and impaired wound healing. ER mimetics are drugs, such as metformin and Na-glucose co-transporter-2 which mimic the action of ER. This review aims to provide comprehensive data regarding the effect of ER on CKD progression and outcomes.
摘要：
能量限制（ER）具有抗衰老作用，并可能防止一系列慢性疾病，包括癌症，糖尿病和慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）。具体来说,ER对实验性肾脏老化有积极影响，CKD（糖尿病肾病，多囊肾病）和急性肾损伤（肾毒性，缺血再灌注损伤）通过自噬增加等机制，线粒体生物发生和DNA修复，减少炎症和氧化应激。促进ER介导的肾脏保护的关键分子包括一磷酸腺苷激活的蛋白激酶，沉默酶-1和PPAR-γ共激活因子1α。然而,CKD是一个复杂的条件，内质网可能会加重CKD并发症，如蛋白质能量消耗，骨矿物质紊乱和伤口愈合受损。ER模拟物是药物,如二甲双胍和Na-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2，其模拟ER的作用。这篇综述旨在提供有关ER对CKD进展和结局影响的全面数据。
