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Abstract：
The fruit Punica granatum L. has been used for years in traditional medicine owing to the presence of several phytobiotics with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Punica granatum L. by-products (PGB) on performance, immunity, intestinal and excreta microflora, and odorous gas emissions from excreta of broiler chickens. Three experimental diets containing 0, 0.5 and 1.0% PGB were fed to 240 one-day-old broiler chicks until 35 days. Dietary PGB linearly reduced the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio of broilers. Supplementation with 1% PGB led to a linear increase in the relative weight of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius. The concentration of serum IgA and IgG increased linearly in response to dietary PGB. In the ileal digesta, the concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased linearly and quadratically in response to dietary PGB. Moreover, dietary PGB led to a linear decrease in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. alongside reducing the pH of the ileal digesta. In the cecal digesta, the concentration of Bacillus bacteria increased linearly in response to both levels of dietary PGB, while the concentrations of E. coli and Salmonella decreased when the diet was supplemented with 1% PGB, as did cecal pH. At 35 day, both levels of PGB increased the concentration of fecal Bacillus, whereas only 1% PGB increased the concentration of S. cerevisiae at 21 day. Increasing levels of PGB induce a linear reduction in fecal E. coli at 21 and 35 day, whereas Salmonella only at 21 day. Regarding the average of 48 h, dietary PGB effectively reduced the emissions of ammonia and methanethiol from broiler excreta. In conclusion, the results suggest that, dietary PGB improved immunity and the intestinal microbial ecosystem of broilers along with reduced odorous gas emissions from excreta.
摘要：
由于存在具有抗微生物和免疫调节特性的几种植物抗生素，因此在传统医学中已经使用了多年。这项研究调查了饮食中添加石榴副产品（PGB）对性能的影响，豁免权,肠道和排泄物微生物群，和肉鸡排泄物中的恶臭气体排放。将含有0、0.5和1.0％PGB的三种实验饮食饲喂240只一天大的肉鸡，直到35天。饲粮PGB线性降低了肉鸡的平均日采食量和饲料转化率。补充1％PGB导致Fabricius的脾脏和法氏囊的相对重量线性增加。血清IgA和IgG的浓度响应于膳食PGB线性增加。在回肠消化中，酿酒酵母的浓度响应于膳食PGB线性和二次增加。此外，饮食中的PGB导致大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的线性减少。同时降低回肠消化物的pH值。在盲肠消化中，芽孢杆菌的浓度响应于两种水平的膳食PGB线性增加，当饮食中添加1%PGB时，大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的浓度降低，盲肠pH也是如此。在35天，两种水平的PGB都增加了粪便芽孢杆菌的浓度，而只有1%的PGB在第21天增加了酿酒酵母的浓度。在第21天和第35天，PGB水平的增加诱导粪便大肠杆菌的线性减少，而沙门氏菌仅在21天。关于48小时的平均值，膳食PGB有效减少了肉鸡排泄物中氨和甲硫醇的排放。总之,结果表明,膳食PGB提高了免疫力和肉鸡的肠道微生物生态系统，并减少了排泄物中的恶臭气体排放。
