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Abstract：
Within two decades, there have emerged three highly pathogenic and deadly human coronaviruses, namely SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The economic burden and health threats caused by these coronaviruses are extremely dreadful and getting more serious as the increasing number of global infections and attributed deaths of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. Unfortunately, specific medical countermeasures for these hCoVs remain absent. Moreover, the fast spread of misinformation about the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic uniquely places the virus alongside an annoying infodemic and causes unnecessary worldwide panic. SARS-CoV-2 shares many similarities with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, certainly, obvious differences exist as well. Lessons learnt from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, timely updated information of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, and summarized specific knowledge of these hCoVs are extremely invaluable for effectively and efficiently contain the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. By gaining a deeper understanding of hCoVs and the illnesses caused by them, we can bridge knowledge gaps, provide cultural weapons for fighting and controling the spread of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and prepare effective and robust defense lines against hCoVs that may emerge or reemerge in the future. To this end, the state-of-the-art knowledge and comparing the biological features of these lethal hCoVs and the clinical characteristics of illnesses caused by them are systematically summarized in the review.
摘要：
在二十年内,已经出现了三种高致病性和致命的人类冠状病毒，即SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2。随着SARS-CoV-2和MERS-CoV的全球感染和死亡人数的增加，这些冠状病毒造成的经济负担和健康威胁极为可怕，并且越来越严重。不幸的是,这些hCoV的具体医疗对策仍然缺乏。此外，关于正在进行的SARS-CoV-2大流行的错误信息的快速传播独特地将该病毒与令人讨厌的传染病并列，并引起不必要的全球恐慌。SARS-CoV-2与SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV有许多相似之处，当然,也存在明显的差异。从SARS-CoV和MERS-CoV中学到的经验教训，及时更新SARS-CoV-2和MERS-CoV的信息，和总结这些hCoV的具体知识对于有效和高效地遏制SARS-CoV-2和MERS-CoV的爆发非常宝贵。通过对hCoV及其引起的疾病有更深入的了解，我们可以弥合知识差距，为打击和控制MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的传播提供文化武器，并为未来可能出现或重新出现的hCoV准备有效和强大的防线。为此,综述系统总结了这些致死性hCoV的最新知识，并比较了其生物学特征以及由其引起的疾病的临床特征。
