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Abstract：
The ability to detect, identify and quantify bacteria is crucial in clinical diagnostics, environmental testing, food security settings and in microbiology research. Recently, the threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens pushed the global scientific community to develop fast, reliable, specific and affordable methods to detect bacterial species. The use of synthetically modified enzyme substrates is a convenient approach to detect bacteria in a specific, economic and rapid manner. The method is based on the use of specific enzyme substrates for a given bacterial marker enzyme, conjugated to a signalogenic moiety. Following enzymatic reaction, the signalophor is released from the synthetic substrate, generating a specific and measurable signal. Several types of signalophors have been described and are defined by the type of signal they generate, such as chromogenic, fluorogenic, luminogenic, electrogenic and redox. Signalophors are further subdivided into groups based on their solubility in water, which is key in defining their application on solid or liquid media for bacterial culturing. This comprehensive review describes synthetic enzyme substrates and their applications for bacterial detection, showing their mechanism of action and their synthetic routes.
摘要：
检测能力，识别和量化细菌在临床诊断中至关重要，环境试验,食品安全环境和微生物学研究。最近,多重耐药细菌病原体的威胁推动全球科学界快速发展，可靠,具体的和负担得起的方法来检测细菌种类。使用合成修饰的酶底物是一种方便的方法来检测特定的细菌，经济和快速的方式。该方法基于对给定的细菌标记酶使用特定的酶底物，与信号生成部分缀合。酶促反应后，signalophor从合成底物中释放出来，产生特定和可测量的信号。已经描述了几种类型的信号器，并由它们产生的信号类型来定义。如显色，荧光，发光，生电和氧化还原。根据它们在水中的溶解度，信号细胞被进一步细分为几组，这是定义它们在细菌培养的固体或液体培养基上的应用的关键。这篇综合综述介绍了合成酶底物及其在细菌检测中的应用，显示了它们的作用机理和合成途径。
