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Abstract：
Dispersal is a fundamental biological process that operates at different temporal and spatial scales with consequences for individual fitness, population dynamics, population genetics, and species distributions. Studying this process is particularly challenging when the focus is on microscopic organisms that disperse passively, whilst controlling neither the transience nor the settlement phase of their movement. In this work we propose a comprehensive approach for studying passive dispersal of microscopic invertebrates and demonstrate it using wind and phoretic vectors. The protocol includes the construction of versatile, modifiable dispersal tunnels as well as a theoretical framework quantifying the movement of species via wind or vectors, and a hierarchical Bayesian approach appropriate to the structure of the dispersal data. The tunnels were used to investigate the three stages of dispersal (viz., departure, transience, and settlement) of two species of minute, phytophagous eriophyid mites Aceria tosichella and Abacarus hystrix. The proposed devices are inexpensive and easy to construct from readily sourced materials. Possible modifications enable studies of a wide range of mite species and facilitate manipulation of dispersal factors, thus opening a new important area of ecological study for many heretofore understudied species.
摘要：
分散是一个基本的生物学过程，在不同的时间和空间尺度上运行，对个体适应性产生影响。人口动态，群体遗传学,和物种分布。当重点是被动分散的微观有机体时，研究这个过程尤其具有挑战性，同时既不控制其运动的瞬变也不控制其运动的沉降阶段。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种全面的方法来研究微观无脊椎动物的被动扩散，并使用风和电泳矢量进行了演示。该协议包括通用的构造，可修改的散布隧道以及量化物种通过风或矢量运动的理论框架，以及适合分散数据结构的分层贝叶斯方法。隧道用于研究扩散的三个阶段（即。,离开,短暂性,和沉降）两种分钟，植食性叶生菌螨虫和Abacarushystrix。所提出的装置是廉价的并且容易由容易获得的材料构造。可能的修改使得能够研究广泛的螨种类，并促进分散因素的操纵，从而为许多迄今未被研究的物种开辟了生态研究的新的重要领域。
