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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with positive airway pressure in children is restricted due to concerns that it could affect maxilla growth over time.
OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review of the literature about the long-term impact of using a positive airway pressure mask on the midface in growing individuals.
METHODS: The literature search was conducted in September 2019 using the keywords (\"long-term\" OR \"long term\" OR \"side effects\" OR longitudinal) AND (children OR child OR preschool OR adolescents OR adolescent OR infant OR infants) AND (craniofacial OR \"mid-face\" OR midface OR midfacial OR facial OR maxillary) AND (\"airway pressure\" OR ventilation) in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs. The search included papers published in English, until September 2019, on the effects of positive airway pressure on midfacial growth.
RESULTS: The search strategy identified five studies: two case reports, two cross-sectional studies and one retrospective cohort study. All studies evaluated the long-term effects of a using a nasal mask on the midface in children and adolescents; four showed midface hypoplasia and one no showed difference post- treatment compared to a control.
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the studies demonstrated that long-term use of nasal positive airway pressure in childhood/adolescence is associated with midface hypoplasia.
OBJECTIVE: To undertake a systematic review of the literature about the long-term impact of using a positive airway pressure mask on the midface in growing individuals.
METHODS: The literature search was conducted in September 2019 using the keywords (\"long-term\" OR \"long term\" OR \"side effects\" OR longitudinal) AND (children OR child OR preschool OR adolescents OR adolescent OR infant OR infants) AND (craniofacial OR \"mid-face\" OR midface OR midfacial OR facial OR maxillary) AND (\"airway pressure\" OR ventilation) in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs. The search included papers published in English, until September 2019, on the effects of positive airway pressure on midfacial growth.
RESULTS: The search strategy identified five studies: two case reports, two cross-sectional studies and one retrospective cohort study. All studies evaluated the long-term effects of a using a nasal mask on the midface in children and adolescents; four showed midface hypoplasia and one no showed difference post- treatment compared to a control.
CONCLUSIONS: Most of the studies demonstrated that long-term use of nasal positive airway pressure in childhood/adolescence is associated with midface hypoplasia.
摘要：
背景：由于担心随着时间的推移会影响上颌骨的生长，因此在儿童中使用气道正压通气治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停受到限制。
目的：对成长中的个体使用气道正压通气面罩对中脸的长期影响的文献进行系统回顾。
方法：于2019年9月进行了文献检索，使用关键词（\"长期\"或\"长期\"或\"副作用\"或纵向）和（儿童或儿童或学龄前儿童或青少年或婴儿或婴儿）和（颅面或“中间脸”或中间脸或中间脸或面部上颌）和（\"压力\"，Med通气数据库中）WebofScienceandLilacs.搜索包括用英语发表的论文，直到2019年9月，关于气道正压对面部中部生长的影响。
结果：搜索策略确定了五项研究：两项病例报告，两项横断面研究和一项回顾性队列研究.所有研究都评估了使用鼻罩对儿童和青少年中脸的长期影响；与对照组相比，四个显示中脸发育不全，一个没有显示治疗后的差异。
结论：大多数研究表明，儿童/青春期长期使用鼻气道正压通气与中肌发育不全有关。
目的：对成长中的个体使用气道正压通气面罩对中脸的长期影响的文献进行系统回顾。
方法：于2019年9月进行了文献检索，使用关键词（\"长期\"或\"长期\"或\"副作用\"或纵向）和（儿童或儿童或学龄前儿童或青少年或婴儿或婴儿）和（颅面或“中间脸”或中间脸或中间脸或面部上颌）和（\"压力\"，Med通气数据库中）WebofScienceandLilacs.搜索包括用英语发表的论文，直到2019年9月，关于气道正压对面部中部生长的影响。
结果：搜索策略确定了五项研究：两项病例报告，两项横断面研究和一项回顾性队列研究.所有研究都评估了使用鼻罩对儿童和青少年中脸的长期影响；与对照组相比，四个显示中脸发育不全，一个没有显示治疗后的差异。
结论：大多数研究表明，儿童/青春期长期使用鼻气道正压通气与中肌发育不全有关。
