PDF(Sci-hub)
Abstract：
Electronic cigarettes divide opinions. Some consider them key to reducing smoking incidence while others are concerned over potential for detrimental health consequences. It will take many years to identify the health consequences of e-cigarette use if we rely only upon human data. However, there is a growing body of work using rodent models that inform on these potential toxicities. These studies have focused upon the pulmonary, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Observations include perturbations of pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and oxidative stress markers, sometimes together with DNA damage and downregulation of DNA repair and antioxidant enzymes. However, the markers affected are often different between studies. A more consistent observation has been the increase in airway hyperresponsiveness, a characteristic of asthma, on exposure to electronic cigarettes, across mouse strains, sex and ages. Detrimental effects in this and other susceptible animal models such as the apolipoprotein E knock-out mouse model of atherosclerosis, suggest greater risk where there is an existing predisposition. Other adverse reactions, including weight loss, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, are reported in animal studies with nicotine-containing devices. These effects remain less severe than cigarette smoke, where investigated. Animal studies have identified therefore that e-cigarettes are potentially hazardous, especially in susceptible populations, nicotine is integral to risk of health effects, but overall e-cigarettes are much less hazardous than cigarettes.
摘要：
电子烟分歧意见一些人认为它们是减少吸烟发生率的关键，而另一些人则担心潜在的有害健康后果。如果我们仅依靠人类数据，则需要很多年才能确定使用电子烟的健康后果。然而,越来越多的工作使用啮齿动物模型来告知这些潜在的毒性。这些研究集中在肺部，心血管和中枢神经系统。观察包括促炎的扰动，促纤维化和氧化应激标志物，有时与DNA损伤和DNA修复和抗氧化酶的下调。然而,受影响的标记在研究之间通常是不同的。一个更一致的观察结果是气道高反应性的增加，哮喘的一个特征，关于接触电子烟，跨越小鼠品系，性别和年龄。在这种和其他易感动物模型中的有害作用，例如动脉粥样硬化的载脂蛋白E敲除小鼠模型，在存在倾向的情况下，建议风险更大。其他不良反应,包括减肥,氧化应激和血管生成，在动物研究中报道了含有尼古丁的装置。这些影响仍然没有香烟烟雾那么严重，调查的地方。因此，动物研究已经确定电子烟具有潜在的危险，特别是在易感人群中，尼古丁是健康风险的组成部分，但总体来说，电子烟的危害性远低于香烟。
