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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common form of chronic, progressive optic neuropathies characterized by slow degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons, resulting in visual field loss. Risk factors for this disease are elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), increased age, European and African ethnicity, family history, myopia and decreased corneal thickness. In addition, studies indicated that levels of trace elements are also significantly related to the POAG.
METHODS: The association between toxic and essential elements and POAG was explored in a population-based case-control study in the Sardinia Island (Italy). The aqueous humor levels of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in 25 POAG patients compared to 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls by sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Risk factors as gender, age and increased IOP were also explored.
RESULTS: The concentrations of Fe, Hg and Zn were significantly higher in POAG patients than in control subjects, showing these elements as possible determinants in POAG development or degeneration. Other findings were the increased Cu and Fe levels in glaucomatous patients with age less than 70 years. Levels of Ni were found elevated in POAG females. Mercury accumulated more in POAG females, in patients over 70 years and in those with higher levels of IOP in the left eye. Moreover, the positive associations CuFe and Mn-Zn may indicate synergistic effects of elements.
CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings suggested a multifactorial role in the risk for POAG disease. The present study documented the levels of trace elements in aqueous humor of Sardinian POAG patients for the first time.
METHODS: The association between toxic and essential elements and POAG was explored in a population-based case-control study in the Sardinia Island (Italy). The aqueous humor levels of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in 25 POAG patients compared to 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls by sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry. Risk factors as gender, age and increased IOP were also explored.
RESULTS: The concentrations of Fe, Hg and Zn were significantly higher in POAG patients than in control subjects, showing these elements as possible determinants in POAG development or degeneration. Other findings were the increased Cu and Fe levels in glaucomatous patients with age less than 70 years. Levels of Ni were found elevated in POAG females. Mercury accumulated more in POAG females, in patients over 70 years and in those with higher levels of IOP in the left eye. Moreover, the positive associations CuFe and Mn-Zn may indicate synergistic effects of elements.
CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings suggested a multifactorial role in the risk for POAG disease. The present study documented the levels of trace elements in aqueous humor of Sardinian POAG patients for the first time.
摘要：
背景：原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）是慢性，以视网膜神经节细胞及其轴突缓慢变性为特征的进行性视神经病变，导致视野损失。这种疾病的危险因素是眼内压（IOP）升高，年龄增长,欧洲和非洲种族，家族史,近视和角膜厚度减少。此外,研究表明，微量元素的水平也与POAG显著相关。
方法：在撒丁岛（意大利）的一项基于人群的病例对照研究中，探索了有毒元素和基本要素与POAG之间的关联。Al的房水水平，Cd,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Ni,通过扇形场电感耦合质谱法，与20名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照相比，在25名POAG患者中测量了Pb和Zn。风险因素如性别，还探讨了年龄和IOP升高。
结果：Fe的浓度，POAG患者的Hg和Zn明显高于对照组，显示这些元素可能是POAG发育或退化的决定因素。其他发现是年龄小于70岁的青光眼患者的Cu和Fe水平升高。发现POAG雌性中的Ni水平升高。汞在POAG雌性中积累更多，70岁以上的患者和左眼IOP水平较高的患者。此外，CuFe和Mn-Zn的正相关可能表明元素的协同作用。
结论：总而言之，这些发现提示了POAG疾病风险的多因素作用.本研究首次记录了撒丁岛POAG患者房水中微量元素的水平。
方法：在撒丁岛（意大利）的一项基于人群的病例对照研究中，探索了有毒元素和基本要素与POAG之间的关联。Al的房水水平，Cd,Cu,Fe,Hg,Mn,Ni,通过扇形场电感耦合质谱法，与20名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照相比，在25名POAG患者中测量了Pb和Zn。风险因素如性别，还探讨了年龄和IOP升高。
结果：Fe的浓度，POAG患者的Hg和Zn明显高于对照组，显示这些元素可能是POAG发育或退化的决定因素。其他发现是年龄小于70岁的青光眼患者的Cu和Fe水平升高。发现POAG雌性中的Ni水平升高。汞在POAG雌性中积累更多，70岁以上的患者和左眼IOP水平较高的患者。此外，CuFe和Mn-Zn的正相关可能表明元素的协同作用。
结论：总而言之，这些发现提示了POAG疾病风险的多因素作用.本研究首次记录了撒丁岛POAG患者房水中微量元素的水平。
