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Abstract：
Very few publications have compared different study designs investigating the short-term effects of air pollutants on healthcare visits and hospitalizations for respiratory tract diseases. This study describes, using two different study designs (a case-crossover design and a time-series analysis), the association of air pollutants and respiratory disease hospitalizations. The study has been conducted on 5 cities in Poland on a timeline of almost 4 years. DLNM and regression models were both used for the assessment of the short-term effects of air pollution peaks on respiratory hospitalizations. Both case-crossover and time-series studies equally revealed a positive association between air pollution peaks and hospitalization occurrences. Results were provided in the form of percentage increase of a respiratory visit/hospitalization, for each 10-μg/m3 increment in single pollutant level for both study designs. The most significant estimated % increases of hospitalizations linked to increase of 10 μg/m3 of pollutant have been recorded in general with particulate matter, with highest values for 24 h PM2.5 in Warsaw (6.4%, case-crossover; 4.5%, time series, respectively) and in Białystok (5.6%, case-crossover; 4.5%, time series, respectively). The case-crossover analysis results have shown a larger CI in comparison to the results of the time-series analysis, while the lag days were easier to identify with the case-crossover design. The trends and the overlap of the results occurring from both methods are good and show applicability of both study designs to air pollution effects on short-term hospitalizations.
摘要：
很少有出版物比较了不同的研究设计，以调查空气污染物对医疗保健访问和呼吸道疾病住院的短期影响。这项研究描述了，使用两种不同的研究设计(案例交叉设计和时间序列分析)，空气污染物和呼吸系统疾病住院的关联。这项研究是在波兰的5个城市进行的，时间将近4年。DLNM和回归模型均用于评估空气污染峰值对呼吸道住院的短期影响。病例交叉和时间序列研究都同样揭示了空气污染高峰与住院发生之间的正相关。结果以呼吸就诊/住院的百分比增加的形式提供，对于两种研究设计，单一污染物水平每增加10-μg/m3。与污染物增加10μg/m3相关的住院人数估计最显著的百分比增加一般记录为颗粒物，华沙24小时PM2.5值最高(6.4%，案例交叉；4.5%，时间序列,分别)和比亚韦斯托克(5.6%，案例交叉；4.5%，时间序列,分别)。案例交叉分析结果表明，与时间序列分析的结果相比，CI较大，而滞后日更容易识别病例交叉设计。两种方法产生的结果的趋势和重叠都很好，并且表明两种研究设计都适用于空气污染对短期住院的影响。
