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Abstract：
Dental diseases are among the common health issues experienced around the world. Dental caries is one of the most predominant oral diseases worldwide. Major factors associated with caries development include poor oral hygiene, the content of specific carbohydrates in the diet, dental biofilm formation, the cariogenic microbial load, reduction in salivary flow, insufficient fluoride exposure, gingival recession, genetic factors, and lack of personal attention to one\'s dental health. Several preventive measures have been implemented to reduce the risk of the development of caries. Probiotics are live microbes that when administered in suitable amounts confer health benefits on the host; they are recognized as potential adjunct therapeutic agents for several diseases. The present manuscript summarizes recent findings on the role of probiotics in dental caries prevention and the possible mechanisms of probiotic effects. Review of the literature indicates the regular consumption of probiotic products significantly reduced the risk of caries by inhibiting cariogenic bacteria and enriching commensal microbes in the oral cavity. Buffering the salivary pH, production of bacteriocin and enzymes (dextranase, mutanase, and urease), the capacity of competing for the adhesion and colonization on tooth surfaces are the possible mechanisms behind the beneficial effect of probiotics. Further studies are necessary to address the efficacy of long-term probiotic supplementation on the control of dental diseases and the influence of childhood probiotic supplementation on the risk of caries development.
摘要：
牙科疾病是世界各地经历的常见健康问题之一。龋齿是世界范围内最主要的口腔疾病之一。与龋齿发展相关的主要因素包括口腔卫生差，饮食中特定碳水化合物的含量，牙科生物膜的形成，致龋微生物负荷，唾液流量减少，氟化物暴露不足，牙龈衰退，遗传因素,缺乏个人对牙齿健康的关注。已经采取了几种预防措施来降低龋齿发展的风险。益生菌是活的微生物,当以合适的量施用时赋予宿主健康益处;它们被认为是几种疾病的潜在辅助治疗剂。本手稿总结了有关益生菌在龋齿预防中的作用以及益生菌作用的可能机制的最新发现。文献综述表明，经常食用益生菌产品通过抑制致龋细菌和富集口腔中的共生微生物显著降低龋齿的风险。缓冲唾液pH值，细菌素和酶的生产(葡聚糖酶，变形酶,和脲酶)，竞争在牙齿表面的粘附和定植的能力是益生菌有益作用背后的可能机制。需要进一步的研究来解决长期益生菌补充剂对控制牙齿疾病的功效以及儿童益生菌补充剂对龋齿发展风险的影响。
