Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To assess the intake of caffeine from snacks among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City.
METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to obtain the consumption status of caffeine-containing snacks among 881 school-age children and adolescents in Chaoyang, Changping and Yanqing Districts through a 3 d 24 h continuous questionnaire survey between October 2016 and February 2017, and the caffeine content in snacks was obtained through literature retrieval and laboratory detection.
RESULTS: The proportion of caffeinated snacks consumers among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing was 42. 45%(374/881). The average daily caffeine intake of the whole population was 9. 19 mg, with a median of 0 and a P95 of 41. 38 mg. The average daily caffeine intake of consumers was 21. 66 mg, with a median of 11. 03 mg and 76. 99 mg of P95. About 1. 60%(6/374) of individuals exceeded the daily safe intake level and there were statistically significant differences in caffeine intake between different ages, genders, grades and groups with and without tea drinking habits after weight was taken into account. Among the top three contributors, 12. 13 mg of caffeine was derived from tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks), with a contribution rate which reached 56. 01%, 4. 35 mg of caffeine was derived from coffee, with a contribution rate of 20. 09%, and 3. 31 mg of caffeine was derived from cola and energy drinks, with a contribution rate of 15. 30%, and there existed slightly difference of the top three contribution foods among 6-11 and 12-17 years old children and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City had low caffeine intake levels from snacks and there was little risk of overconsumption. Tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks) was the major contributor to its caffeine exposure.
METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to obtain the consumption status of caffeine-containing snacks among 881 school-age children and adolescents in Chaoyang, Changping and Yanqing Districts through a 3 d 24 h continuous questionnaire survey between October 2016 and February 2017, and the caffeine content in snacks was obtained through literature retrieval and laboratory detection.
RESULTS: The proportion of caffeinated snacks consumers among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing was 42. 45%(374/881). The average daily caffeine intake of the whole population was 9. 19 mg, with a median of 0 and a P95 of 41. 38 mg. The average daily caffeine intake of consumers was 21. 66 mg, with a median of 11. 03 mg and 76. 99 mg of P95. About 1. 60%(6/374) of individuals exceeded the daily safe intake level and there were statistically significant differences in caffeine intake between different ages, genders, grades and groups with and without tea drinking habits after weight was taken into account. Among the top three contributors, 12. 13 mg of caffeine was derived from tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks), with a contribution rate which reached 56. 01%, 4. 35 mg of caffeine was derived from coffee, with a contribution rate of 20. 09%, and 3. 31 mg of caffeine was derived from cola and energy drinks, with a contribution rate of 15. 30%, and there existed slightly difference of the top three contribution foods among 6-11 and 12-17 years old children and adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in Beijing City had low caffeine intake levels from snacks and there was little risk of overconsumption. Tea, milk tea and tea beverages(including solid drinks) was the major contributor to its caffeine exposure.
摘要：
目的：评估北京市6-17岁儿童和青少年零食咖啡因的摄入量。
方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对朝阳地区881名学龄儿童青少年含咖啡因零食的消费状况进行了调查,通过2016年10月至2017年2月3d24h连续问卷调查,通过文献检索和实验室检测,获得了食品中咖啡因含量。
结果：北京市6-17岁儿童青少年含咖啡因零食消费者比例为42。45%（374/881）。整个人群的平均每日咖啡因摄入量为9。19毫克，中位数为0，P95为41。38毫克。消费者的平均每日咖啡因摄入量为21。66毫克，中位数为11。03mg和76。99mg的P95。大约1。60%(6/374)的个体超过每日安全摄入水平,不同年龄段的咖啡因摄入量差异有统计学意义,性别,考虑到体重后有和没有喝茶习惯的等级和组。在三大贡献者中，12.13毫克的咖啡因来自茶，奶茶和茶饮料（包括固体饮料），贡献率达到56。01%,4.35毫克的咖啡因来自咖啡，贡献率为20。09%,and3.31毫克的咖啡因来自可乐和能量饮料，贡献率为15。30%,在6-11岁和12-17岁的儿童和青少年中，前三名的贡献食物略有差异。
结论：北京市6-17岁的儿童和青少年从零食中摄入咖啡因的水平较低，过度摄入的风险很小。茶，奶茶和茶饮料（包括固体饮料）是其咖啡因暴露的主要原因。
方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对朝阳地区881名学龄儿童青少年含咖啡因零食的消费状况进行了调查,通过2016年10月至2017年2月3d24h连续问卷调查,通过文献检索和实验室检测,获得了食品中咖啡因含量。
结果：北京市6-17岁儿童青少年含咖啡因零食消费者比例为42。45%（374/881）。整个人群的平均每日咖啡因摄入量为9。19毫克，中位数为0，P95为41。38毫克。消费者的平均每日咖啡因摄入量为21。66毫克，中位数为11。03mg和76。99mg的P95。大约1。60%(6/374)的个体超过每日安全摄入水平,不同年龄段的咖啡因摄入量差异有统计学意义,性别,考虑到体重后有和没有喝茶习惯的等级和组。在三大贡献者中，12.13毫克的咖啡因来自茶，奶茶和茶饮料（包括固体饮料），贡献率达到56。01%,4.35毫克的咖啡因来自咖啡，贡献率为20。09%,and3.31毫克的咖啡因来自可乐和能量饮料，贡献率为15。30%,在6-11岁和12-17岁的儿童和青少年中，前三名的贡献食物略有差异。
结论：北京市6-17岁的儿童和青少年从零食中摄入咖啡因的水平较低，过度摄入的风险很小。茶，奶茶和茶饮料（包括固体饮料）是其咖啡因暴露的主要原因。
